环境伦理学何以可能?——以卡利科特学案为例

How Environmental Ethics is Possible?——To Take Callicott's Research as A Paradigm

卡利科特通过正反两方面的学术个案梳理,为环境伦理学确定了必要的观念基础与学术视野。通过反思"动物解放理论",卡利科特提出"个体主义"乃环境伦理学之致命误区;通过系统整理利奥波德的伦理学思想,卡利科特指出:利奥波德"大地伦理"观念所代表的,以生物共同体整体之生态健康为至善的生态整体主义,当是环境伦理学的核心观念与恰当的学术视野。卡利科特以个案反思为基础的理论建构路线对环境伦理学基础理论研究具有重要的学术示范性,他所确定的生态"整体主义"观念为环境伦理学的学术自觉与健康发展铺平了道路。

Based upon his rethinking on two parts of paradigms oppositely on environmental ethics, Callicott makes sure the necessary conceptual foundation and scope as well for environ- mental ethics. By reflection on ＂animal liberation theory＂, Callicott argues that ＂individualism＂ is the crucial misunderstanding for environmental ethics~ by systematic summarization on Leopold＇ s environmental ethics, Callicott holds that the ecological holism which views the ecological health of biological community as the summit good, and is expressed by Leopold＇s ＂land ethic＂ should be the core concept and proper scope for environmental ethics. Callicott roadmap on theo- retical making which based upon individual paradigms can be a wonderful example for research of environmental ethics. The holism which he promotes lays an correct foundation for environmental ethics.