工程教育改革背景下传统工科专业的挑战与应对——基于十校“电气工程及其自动化”培养方案的实证调查

Challenges and Countermeasures of Traditional Engineering Majors under the Background of Engineering Education Reform

面对科技革命和产业变革引发的新一轮工程教育改革,本研究结合STEM教育内涵和"新工科"的建设要求,提出新一轮工程教育改革的新标准。根据这些标准,以"电气工程及其自动化"专业人才培养方案为研究对象,探讨传统工科专业的改造升级问题,重点考察"实践能力、创新创业能力和跨界整合能力"在人才培养目标以及课程体系中的贯彻情况。研究发现,人才培养目标缺乏工程核心素养,课程体系对人才培养目标的支撑度不够;实践能力的培养缺乏系统性;创新创业能力发展缺乏保障;跨界整合能力培养缺乏课程支撑。我们建议:对标"新工科"的新要求科学制定人才培养目标,强化课程对培养目标的支撑度;全方位、系统化构建实践教学体系,提高学生的综合实践能力;建立"创意—创新—创业"相融合的教育体系,增强学生的创新创业能力;以"解决复杂工程问题"为导向整合不同专业课程,培养学生的跨界整合能力。

In the face of a new round of engineering education reform triggered by the scientific and technological revolution and industrial reforms,this study proposes new standards for the new round of engineering education reform combining the connotation of STEM education and the standards for the construction of＂Emerging Engineering＂.According to these standards,the＂Electrical Engineering and Automation＂professional talents training program is taken as the research object to discuss the transformation and upgrading of traditional engineering majors,focusing on the implementation of＂practical ability,innovation and entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary integrating abilities＂in personnel training objectives and course systems.It is found that engineering core qualities are lacked in the personnel training objectives,to which the support of the curriculum system is insufficient;the cultivation of practical ability is not systematic;the development of innovation and entrepreneurship ability is not guaranteed,and curriculum support for the interdisciplinary integrating ability training is lacked.Therefore it is recommended that the new requirements for the＂New Engineering＂should be formulated scientifically and the support for the training objectives should be intensified;the practical teaching system should be constructed in a comprehensive and systematic way to improve students’ comprehensive practical ability;an integrated education system of ＂creativity-innovation-start-up＂shall be established to enhance students’ innovation and entrepreneurship abilities;different professional courses oriented at＂solving complex engineering problems＂should be integrated to cultivate students’ interdisciplinary integrating capabilities.