《柏梁臺詩》成篇時間新論——基於文本出處和官職描述的綜合考察

The Discussion of the Creative time of the “Bailiangtai poem”

《柏梁臺詩》是中國古代詩歌史上的名篇,長期以來被視爲七言詩或聯句詩之始,不過其成篇時間卻仍存爭議。本文在梳理前人論述的基礎上,通過辨析《柏梁臺詩》最早出處的《東方朔别傳》與《漢書·東方朔傳》及東方朔故事流傳的關係,指出《别傳》雖非《漢書》藍本,但其成書卻不晚及東漢,由此確認《柏梁臺詩》成於東漢之前。進而以《柏梁臺詩》中若干"另類"敍述爲線索,推測《柏梁臺詩》並非如序文所説作於西漢武帝元封三年(前108),而是成篇於平帝元始五年(5)以後,七言詩體的發展爲此提供了文體背景。

The"Bailiangtai poem"is famous in the history of ancient Chinese poetry,has long been regarded as the beginning of seven-character poems or couplet poems,but its creative time is still controversial.On the basis of the analysis of the previous works,this paper points out that the"Dongfangshuo Bie Chuan",which is the earliest source of the"Bailiangtai poem",is not late to the Eastern Han Dynasty,thus confirming the"Bailiangtai poem"was written before the Eastern Han Dynasty.Then,based on the"alternative"narration of the"Bailiangtai Poem",it is deduced that the"Bailiangtai poem"was not written in 108 BC,but after the 5 AD,the development of seven-character poems provides a stylistic background for this.