宋代御藥院機構與職能考論

A Study on Yu-yao Yuan in Song Dynasty:Centered on Institution and Functions

御藥院是宋代最重要的内廷機構之一。本文將其長官勾當御藥院與御藥院機構分别討論。勾當御藥院雖是職位,實已部分階官化。作爲高層宦官序列之一級,其與皇帝最爲親近,可隨時受其差遣。御藥院作爲機構是官僚系統的一部分,是有核心職能與權責邊界的。本文從醫藥、禮物和殿試三個方面進行分析。御藥院本身不設醫官,只組織醫方的搜集、按驗和保存;采購藥材、和劑藥品并侍奉禁中;君主有疾則挾醫官入視。御藥院爲君主排辦賜予臣僚或者外交禮物,展現皇帝"個人"的恩禮與眷渥。御藥院又組織在崇政殿舉行的殿試。總的來説,御藥院的職能是局限、零碎且互不關聯的,但共同點則是幫助君主在日常的行政流程中扮演好"皇帝個人"的角色。反過來看,宋代日常政治中對"皇帝個人"角色有了更多制度性要求,是皇權發展的表現。

Yu-yao Yuan(御藥院)was one of the most important bureaus of palace system in Song Dynasty.Gou-dang Yu-yao Yuan,the head of this bureau,was not only a positon but also a rank of eunuchs.They were close to emperors and often sent to investigate news and deal with special affairs.However,the bureau itself was one part of the bureaucratic system,and its functions having boundary.This article listed three parts,including medicine,presents and organizing Dianshi(殿試).Yu-yao Yuan's work were less important and fragmentary,but it helped the emperor act"emperor himself"in ordinary administrating processes."Emperor himself"was more needed by the bureaucratic system,it means the authority of emperors rose a lot in Song Dynasty.