持有型犯罪“明知”认定现状的反思与重释

Rethinking and Reinterpretation of the Status Quo of the Cognizance of "Knowingly" in a Crime of Possession

现有理论对持有型犯罪"明知"问题的研究主要存在肯定论与否定论两种主流趋势。然而理论与实践皆表明,两者观点皆无法充分解释持有型犯罪"明知"认定问题。因此不妨回归持有型犯罪本身,从构成犯罪的角色重要性角度考察持有型犯罪"明知"的内容。以犯罪对象是否影响犯罪成立为标准,犯罪明知可分为一般明知与特殊明知,前者是对行为与结果的明知,后者除对行为与结果明知外,还包括对犯罪对象的明知。持有型犯罪明知既包括对行为违法性及状态的明知,也包括对持有物品的明知,其中对物品的明知内容视具体犯罪构成而定。

There are two main trends in the study of the ＂clear knowledge＂ of the possession type crime by the existing theories. However, both theory and practice show that both views can not fully explain the ＂knowingly＂ cognizance of the crime of holding. Therefore, it may be possible to return to the possession crime itself, and to examine the content of the ＂knowing＂ of the crime of holding the crime from the importance of the role of the crime. Based on whether the crime object affects the establishment of a crime, it can be classified into general knowing and special knowing. The former is a clear understanding of behavior and result, and the latter includes clear knowledge both about behavior and result and about the object of crime. The ＂knowing＂ of crimes of the holding type includes knowledge of illegality and state of behavior, and knowledge of possessed articles. The content of knowing clearly depends on specific crimes.