汉及汉以前腧穴别名的来源及厘定

Origin and determination of acupoints alias in Han dynasties and Han before

早在汉代腧穴体系已基本形成,其概念初步确立,数量初具规模。研究发现,腧穴理论在汉以前古称、正名、别名交替并用,既成为后世研究的财富,也带来一些困扰。笔者将其分为出土文献、传世文献、反映汉及汉以前针灸腧穴的主要文献三类,并厘定了腧穴别名的概念、梳理了其别名内涵与特点,发现《黄帝明堂经》集历代多部针灸著作腧穴内涵之大成,成为现存汉及汉以前狭义腧穴别名研究的代表著作。文章界定了以十四经穴为主的狭义腧穴别名,还分析了腧穴别名体表分布及演变情况,以探求汉及汉以前腧穴别名原貌。

The acupoint system was basically formed in the Han dynasty, its concept was initially established, and its acupoints number begun to take shape. The study found that the ancient acupoint name, the rectification of acupoint name, and the acupoint alias were used alternately in the acupoint theory before the Han dynasty, which not only has become the wealth of future research, but also has brought some trouble. The author divided the literature into three categories： unearthed literature, handed down literature, and the main posterity literature reflecting the acupuncture and moxibustion points of Han dynasty and those before it, together defined the concept of acupoint alias, and sorted out the connotation and characteristics of the alias. It is found that Huangdi Mingtang Jing has set up the connotations of the acupoints of many acupuncture works in the past dynasties and has become a representative work of the narrowly defined acupoint alias research of Han dynasty and those before it. This article defines the acupoint alias in a narrow sense based mainly on the points of the fourteen channels. The distribution and evolution of the body surface of acupoints alias are analyzed to explore the original features of the acupoints before the Han and Han dynasties.