伊朗俾路支人的历史发展及当代演变

The Baloch in Iran: Historical Development and Contemporary Evolution

俾路支人作为伊朗国内不同于主体民族与主要教派的少数族群,其社会发展问题一直是伊朗国家治理的重要议程。1928年西俾路支斯坦并入伊朗后,巴列维王朝对俾路支人采取民族同化政策,导致伊朗俾路支民族抗争运动兴起。伊朗伊斯兰革命后,为促进民族团结与国家稳定,伊朗政府对俾路支人的政策从压制为主的消极管理,逐步转变为以安抚为主的"吸收"政策。在与中央政府的互动过程中,伊朗俾路支人形成了不被认可的少数族群身份、边缘化的政治地位、落后的经济状况、受限的民族语言环境以及逊尼派宗教人士主导下的传统社会结构等社会特征。由于伊朗俾路支人具有较高的国家认同,当前锡斯坦—俾路支斯坦省整体上保持相对平稳发展的状态。

As one of ethnic minority groups in Iran,the Baloch’s social development has always been an important topic in Iran’s national governance.The Balochi movement rose in 1928,when western Baluchestan was annexed by Iran,and the Pahlavi dynasty adopted the Persian assimilation policy towards the Baloch.After the 1979 Islamic Revolution,the government of Islamic Republic of Iran transformed the passive governance into pacifist"absorption"policy toward the Baloch in order to consolidate national unity and stability.During the interactions with the central government,the Baloch in Iran has formed social characteristics including unrecognized ethnic minority identity,marginalized political status,economic and cultural backwardness,limited ethnic language environment and social structure dominated by the Sunni Molavi.In the newera,the overall balance has been maintained due to the highly unified national identity of the Baloch in Iran.