放耶,御耶?——从香港经验看非营利性民办幼儿园管理

Laissez Faire or Governance?:the Discussion about Non-Profit Private Kindergarten's Management Based on Hong Kong Experience

随着民办教育分类管理改革大幕的拉开,地方政府如何对非营利性民办幼儿园实施管理是当前面临的现实困境之一。尤其是在政府治理模式的选择与调控、财政资金的投入与保障、办园质量的监测与改善等方面,到底应进行怎样的制度设计尚不明确。而香港通过对非营利性幼儿园的长期管理形成了有效的内外协作治理体系,因此可为内地提供一定借鉴。其校董会包含多元利益主体,财政投入标准按需核定,财务监察运作内外制衡,运营信息披露公开透明,并且建立了由园所自评与政府外评相结合的质素保证架构,在管理上体现出服务为主、投入高效、监管严密、权责明晰、注重反思等特点。对内地而言,可从中获得三点启示:一是以服务为导向,进行精细化合约管理;二是精算预期需求,高效投入财政资金;三是加强内外监察,建立起风险预警机制。

With the opening of the curtain of classified management reform of private education, how to manage non-profit private kindergarten is one of the real difficulties. Especially, system design also has not yet been formed in three aspects, which are how to choose and regulate the governance model, how to invest and supervise financial funds, and how to monitor and improve quality. In the long-term management practice of non-profit kindergartens, much experience has been accumulated and an effective internal and external governance system is formed in Hong Kong, which can provide reference for the Chinese mainland. Hong Kong has set up school boards composed of muhiple stakeholders, approved the standard of financial input according to the demand, established the internal and external financial supervision system, vigorously promoted the transparency and publicity of the information, and built the quality assurance framework based on the combination of kindergarten internal and external evaluation. The management of non-profit kindergartens in Hong Kong has the characteristics of service-oriented, efficient investment, strict supervision, clear powers and responsibilities, reflective culture and so on. Above all, there are three suggestions for non-profit private kindergartens management of the Chinese mainland. First, we should carry out refined contract management on the basis of service. Second, we should allocate financial fund efficiently according to actual demand. Finally, we should establish risk pre-warning mechanism by strengthening internal and external supervision.