翻身频次联合减压床垫对老年脑出血后昏迷患者压疮的预防

Prevention of Pressure Sores by Repositioning Combined with Air Mattresses in Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage and Coma

目的探索不同翻身频次联合不同减压床垫对老年脑出血后昏迷患者压疮发病的影响。方法选取2013年8月～2017年6月于我院接受治疗的924例老年脑出血昏迷患者为研究对象，随机分为3组，采用动态充气床垫联合翻身1次／5h的231例患者为A组，动态充气床垫联合翻身1次／2．5h的231例患者为B组，采用凝胶海绵垫联合翻身1次／2．5h的462例患者为c组。每日对3组患者皮肤进行检查并判断评估是否发生压疮及其严重程度。结果压疮发生情况方面，B组的压疮程度低于C组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A组与C组、A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义；满意度评分方面，A组和B组的满意度高于C组，且B组的满意度高于A组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；B组的疗效优于C组和A组，且A组的疗效优于C组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论动态充气床垫联合翻身1次／2．5h的治疗方法对于老年脑出血昏迷患者压疮发生的预防效果最显著。

Objective To assess the effect of repositioning frequency with pressure relief mattress on the prevention of pressure sores in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage and coma. Methods A total of 924 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and coma in our hospital from August 2013 to June 2017 were included. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. 231 patients treated with dynamic air mattress and repositioning every 5 h were as group A. 231 patients treated with dynamic air mattress and repositioning every 2. 5 h were as group B. 462 patients treated with sponge pad and repositioning every 2. 5 h were as group C. The skin of the patients was examined daily and the severity of pressure ulcers was assessed. Results The severity of pressure ulcers in group B was lower than that in group C （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, while there was no significant difference between group A and C and group A and B. The degree of comfort in group A and B was higher than that in group C, and degree of comfort in group B was higher than that in group A （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The efficacy in group A and B was better than that in group C, and the efficacy in group B was better than that in group A （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Dynamic air mattresses with repositioning every 2. 5 h may reduce the incidence of pressure sores in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage and coma.