老年女性乳腺神经内分泌癌研究进展

Advances in Research on Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast in Elderly Women

乳腺神经内分泌癌是一种罕见类型的乳腺癌。它的组织学形态与消化道或肺神经内分泌癌相似，分为3类：高分化神经内分泌肿瘤，低分化神经内分泌癌／小细胞癌以及伴有神经内分泌分化的浸润性癌，其中高分化神经内分泌肿瘤更常见。自1977年首次报道到现在，人们对它的研究仅仅进行了40年。乳腺神经内分泌癌发病机制暂不明确。其临床表现、影像学表现与其他类型的乳腺癌并没有明显差异，诊断及鉴别诊断依靠病理学检查。由于对疾病认识不足，没有针对乳腺神经内分泌癌的相关指南，目前对本病的治疗多参照浸润性乳腺癌的治疗方法。早期以手术治疗为主，术后辅助化疗、放疗或内分泌治疗。本文主要对乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后等方面研究进展做一综述。

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast （NECB） is a rare type of breast cancer. Histological morphology are virtually indistinguishable from neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. It is classified into three categories ： well - differentiated neuroendocrine tumor; poorly -differentiated/small cell carcinoma and invasive breast carcinoma with nenroendocrine differentiation. Well - differentiated neuroendocrine tumor is the most common type. So far, the pathogenesis of NECB is unclear. The clinical and radiological features of NECB are nonspecific. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis are mainly determined by pathological examination. There is no standard treatment protocol and patients should be treated similarly to patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Surgery is the primary treatment approach for early NECB. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal treatment after surgery may be optional depending to the individual basis. This paper reviews the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NECB.