新疆城镇少数民族流动人口社会融合:水平测度与障碍找寻——422份新疆城镇少数民族流动人口调研数据

The Social Integration of Ethnic Minority Floating Population in Xinjiang Cities:Level Measurement and Obstacles Identification

新疆城镇少数民族流动人口顺利融入城镇,关乎着新疆经济健康发展和社会长治久安。文章借助422份新疆城镇少数民族流动人口问卷数据,运用AHP模糊综合评价法和有序Probit模型,探究新疆城镇少数民族流动人口社会融合水平及制约因素。结果表明:新疆城镇少数民族流动人口虽在经济融合方面有所起色,但受制于身份、文化和心理融合滞后,其社会融合总体处于较低水平;新疆城镇少数民族流动人口社会融合受到流动人口个人与家庭特征、人力资本与社会资本、制度排斥与文化排斥等因素影响。语言沟通能力和社会资本是流动人口融入城镇的关键。当地居民认可,民族文化与生活习惯的尊重和城镇社会保障权益也发挥重要作用。流动人口年龄、配偶就业和子女入托入学担忧则产生负面影响。鉴于此,提出改革户籍制度、完善城乡劳动力市场、发展教育和培训事业、发挥社区和新闻媒介功能以及推进城乡法制建设五项建议。

A smooth social integration of ethnic minority floating population in Xinjiang cities concerns a healthy eco- nomic development and the long-term social stability. This paper explored key constraints of social integration by us- ing the AHP fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and the Orderly Probit Model with 422 questionnaires. The results showed that the social integration is at generally low level due to the low level of the integration of identity, culture and psychology although the economic integration has been improved. The integration is affected by the individual and the family, human capital and social capital, and the system and cultural exclusion, Language communication competence and social capital are the keys for floating population to be smoothly integrated. The locals＇ recognition, respect for religious beliefs and urban social security benefits also contribute to their integration. The age, spouse employment and child care of the floating population have negative impacts. Therefore it proposed that the household registration system be reformed, the urban and rural labor market be improved, the education and training be developed, the community and news media functions be unleashed and the urban and rural legal system be promoted.