轻量化、高强度汽车钢板的应用与研发进展

Application and development of lightweight and high-strength automobile steel plate

随着社会对环境保护和能源科学合理利用的高度重视,汽车制造业寻求强度高、成形性好且密度低的材料来替代传统汽车材料以降低汽车自重来满足社会发展对节能减排的要求。目前已有的铝合金、镁合金、钛合金等新型成型材料的发展还未成熟,只局部应用在汽车制造中,大部分汽车材料仍然以钢材为主,因此研发高强延积、轻量化的汽车钢板成为冶金行业的一项重要课题。在保证汽车碰撞符合相关安全标准的前提下,冶金行业已经将高强度、轻量化的汽车钢板发展到以淬火-配分(Quenching and partitioning,Q&P)工艺为代表的第三代,但是第一、二代汽车钢板同样大规模应用于汽车制造业中未完全淘汰。主要介绍轻量化、高强度汽车钢板的应用现状及研发进展。

As the society paying high attention to environmental protection and rational use of energy science,the automobile industry seeks materials with high strength,good formability and low density to replace traditional automotive materials in order to reduce the dead weight of automobile and meet the social development requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction. Although the current development of new type molding materials such as aluminum alloys,magnesium alloys and titanium alloys are not yet mature. They are only partially applied in automobile manufacturing,and most automotive materials are still mainly steels,so high-strength and lightweight products are developed. Lightweight automotive steel plates have become an important issue in the metallurgical industry. Under the premise of ensuring automobile collisions meeting relevant safety standards,in metallurgical industry,the high-strength and lightweight automobile steel plates has been developed to the third generation represented by Quenching and Partitioning（QP）technology,but the first and second generations automobile steel plates are still widely used in the automobile industry and are not completely eliminated. The current application,research and development of lightweight and high-strength automotive steel plates are mainly introduced.