不同类型ENSO对东亚季风的影响和机理研究进展

Progress in the Study of Impacts of Different Types of ENSO on the East Asian Monsoon and their Mechanisms

近十几年来有关热带太平洋存在不同类型的增暖型的研究成为热点课题,其中主要依据海温的空间形态将厄尔尼诺与南方涛动(ENSO)分为两类:一类为传统的东太平洋型ENSO,另一类为中太平洋型ENSO。该两类ENSO的形成机制、演变过程均有不同,产生的气候影响也有差异。本文简要回顾了国内外有关不同类型ENSO及其气候影响的研究进展,特别综述了近年来关于两类ENSO事件对东亚夏季风、东亚冬季风以及东亚冬夏季风关联的影响和机理方面的主要研究进展。文中侧重讨论了年际和年代际时间尺度上ENSO事件对东亚季风的影响,并提出了今后在该领域一些需要进一步研究的科学问题。

In recent decades, different types of tropical Pacific Ocean warming events have received extensive attention. According to the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies, El Ni？o–Southern Oscillation（ENSO） is generally classified into two types. One is called the conventional eastern-Pacific ENSO, the other is called the central-Pacific ENSO. These two types of ENSO are totally different in both formation mechanism and evolution process. Moreover, they also generate different climate responses. This paper has briefly reviewed the advances in the studies on the different types of ENSO and their climate impacts, and particular attention is given to the main progress of the impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon, the East Asian winter monsoon, and the relationship between the East Asian winter and summer monsoons by the two different types of ENSO and the associated mechanisms. The climate impacts of ENSO on the interannual and interdecadal timescales are mainly focused. Finally, several scientific issues are proposed for future investigation.