贸易开放对中国劳动者技能需求结构的影响研究——基于贸易伙伴国发展水平差异视角的实证分析

Research on the Impact of Trade Opening on the Skill Demand Structure of Chinese Laborers

＂一带一路＂倡议背景下,在与贸易伙伴国加强互联互通的过程中,贸易开放对中国劳动技能需求的影响将受各国发展水平差异的影响。本文利用2009-2016年省际面板数据,以贸易伙伴国发展水平差异为研究视角,系统考察贸易开放对我国的技能需求结构影响。研究结果显示：向发展中国家出口在中、西部地区显著促进了对中、低技能劳动力的需求;向发达国家出口在东、中部地区显著提高了高、中技能劳动力的就业份额;贸易伙伴的发展水平对技能需求结构的影响存在地区差异,中、西部地区应重视与＂一带一路＂沿线国家建立贸易伙伴关系,以促进区域内中、低技能劳动力的就业。

Under the ＂Belt and Road＂＂initiative, in the process of enhancing interconnection and interoperability with trade partners with all levels of development, the differences in the development level of various countries will have different impacts on the labor market in China. Using the provincial panel data of 2009 to 2016, Under the differences of trading partner countries, an empirical analysis of how trade openness affects the demand structure of skills was conducted and found： exports to low-income countries have significantly contributed to the demand for medium-and low-skilled labor in the central and western regions. Exports to high-income countries have significantly increased the employment share of high and medium-skilled labor in the eastern and central regions. There are regional differences in the impact of the level of development of trade partners on the demand structure of labor skills. The central and western regions should attach importance to establishing trade partnerships with countries along the ＂One Belt and One Road＂to promote the employment of middle-and low-skilled labor force in these regions.