城市地区家务劳动和家人照料时间性别差异研究

Time Allocation on Housework and Care among Urban Couples in China

文章基于2010年中国家庭追踪调查数据,详细考察了城镇夫妻工作日与休息日家务活动的时间分配模式。考虑到夫妻间潜在相联的性别角色期待对夫妻家庭分工的影响,采用似不相关模型对回归系数的标准误进行校正。研究发现,对于家务劳动,妻子收入贡献的增加会显著减少其本人而增加其丈夫工作日的家务劳动时间。在休息日,丈夫的家务劳动时间随妻子收入贡献的增加呈现了先升后降的趋势。对于家人照料,妻子收入贡献会显著增加丈夫照料家人的时间。而其本人的照料时间在工作日和休息日均呈现明显的"性别展示"模式:该时间先随妻子收入贡献增加而减少,当超过约60%,其收入贡献的进一步提高反而会增加妻子参与照料的时间。

Based on the analysis of data from China Family Panel Survey （CFPS） in 2010,this article investigates the pattern of time allocation between partners of married couples in urban China. We employ the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations （SURE model） to examine how relative income of husbands and wives may affect their time spent on housework and caring work,the method of which takes account of the potentially associated between the unobserved gender role expectation and the division of household labor between the couple,which have been largely neglected in previous studies. We separate work days from holidays, and housework from family care in the empirical analysis. Results show that ＂gender display＂ pattern in time allocation is less pronounced in housework than in family care. On work days, wives＇ earnings contribution is positively associated with husbands＇ housework time, but negatively associated with their own housework time. On holidays, wives＇ earnings and husbands＇ housework time show a curve-linear relationship,with a first increasing and then declining. As to family care,wives＇ earnings contribution is not significantly associated with husbands＇ caring time. There is a clear pattern of ＂gender display＂ on both work days and holidays for wives：their caring time would first decrease and then increase with their earnings, after their earnings reach 60 percent of their husbands＇. To understand women＇s living conditions in China, we call for further exploration of potential mechanisms and forces that drive the long-term change and continuity of the traditional gender practices.