SALT检伤分类法在灾难救援中的应用初探

The study of SALT classification method for health service support in disaster assistance

目的探讨SALT法在灾难救援中的应用价值。方法将2015-2017年84名实习护士按随机数字法分为SALT组和START（简明检伤分类法）组，每组42名，接受不同分类检伤法的培训后，进行模拟大规模伤亡事件（车祸和地震）场景下考核，并对考核成绩进行比较。结果SALT组在车祸场景和地震场景的检伤分类时间分别为（8.00 ± 1.36）、（23.14 ± 1.95）min，均小于START组的（10.05 ± 1.34）、（25.07 ± 2.22）min，差异有统计学意义（t=-6.94、-4.23，P〈0.01）。同一场景下不同分类法的准确性比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。而车祸场景的检伤分类准确率，SALT法和START法均优于地震场景，差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.49、10.54，P〈0.05）。SALT分类法和START分类法一致性好（Kappa值为0.526，P〈0.01）。结论SALT法具有简单易行、易于掌握、准确可靠的优点；与传统的START法比较一致性好，但检伤分类时间更短，推荐在灾难医学教学和现实灾难救援中使用。

ObjectiveTo study the value of SALT method in disaster assistance.MethodsA total of 84 internship nurses from 2015 to 2017 were randomly divided into group SLAT and group START and accepted different classification methods training, then checked under the scene of simulated mass casualty events （car accident and earthquake） and the results of the examination were compared.ResultsThe triage time of the SALT group was （8.00±1.36） min, （23.14±1.95） min, less than （10.05±1.34） min, （25.07±2.22） min in the START group in the car accident scene and the earthquake scene and the differences were statistically significant （t=-6.94, -4.23, P〈0.05）. The accuracy of different classifications under the same scene were compared and there was no statistical significance in the difference（P〉0.05）. The accuracy of the triage in the car accident scene were better than earthquake scenes of the both SALT and START classifications and differences were statistically significant （χ2=10.49, 10.54, P〈0.05）. The consistency of the SALT classification and the START classification was better （Kappa=0.526, P〈0.01）.ConclusionsThe SALT method has the advantages of simple, easy to master, accurate and reliable. It is consistent with the traditional START method, but the time of classification is shorter and recommended to be used in the teaching of disaster medicine and the rescue of real disasters.