秋水仙素诱导同源四倍体葛薯的研究

Induction of Autotetraploid Pueraria with Colchicine

不同时间下用不同浓度的秋水仙素处理葛薯种子,通过对突变株形态学、农艺学、解剖学、光合特性和逆境生理指标分析。结果表明:经0.15 g/L秋水仙素和48 h处理时间诱变效果最佳;与二倍体相比,四倍体葛薯在叶片厚度、气孔大小、花粉粒大小、花器官大小、块根等表现出"巨大性",其茎长、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶厚、单果重、小花长、花柱长、花萼纵横径、旗瓣长、子房纵横径等指标均显著大于二倍体;叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均极显著大于二倍体;而丙二醛(MDA)含量低于二倍体。证明四倍体葛薯是一种非常有用的新种质,也为葛薯高产和抗性育种指明了新的方向。

The morphological, agronomic, anatomical, photosynthetic and physiological indexes of the mutant strains of ＂Pueraria sp.＂ seeds were analyzed using different concentrations of colchicine at different times. The results showed that the induction rate of tetraploid was the best with 0.15 g/L colchicine and 48 h treatment time. Compared with the diploid, the tetraploid Pueraria showed ＂greatness＂ in leaf thickness, stomatal size, pollen size, flower organ size and root tuber. The stem length, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width, leaf weight, fruit weight, flower length, flower length, calyx vertical and horizontal diameter, vexilla length, ovary vertical and horizontal diameter and other indicators were significantly greater than diploid. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free prolinc （Pro） content, peroxidase activity （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and eatalase （CAT） of the tetraploid Pueraria sp were significantly higher than that of diploid and malondialdehyde（MDA） content decreased. It is proved that tetraploid potato is a very useful new germplasm, and it also points out a new direction for high yield and resistance breeding.