非洲茉莉卷叶型虫瘿为害情况调查及虫瘿中主要昆虫的形态特征研究

Investigation of the Damage by Leaves Galls and the Morphological Characteristics of Main Insects in Fagraea ceilanica

非洲茉莉是一种广泛栽植于我国亚热带地区、观赏价值很高的观叶植物,其叶片常遭致瘿昆虫的为害而形成卷叶型虫瘿,严重影响其观赏价值。研究卷叶型虫瘿的形态结构特征,可为阐明植物与虫瘿的关系及对虫瘿的控制提供参考依据。本研究调查了海南省儋州地区栽植的非洲茉莉叶片受到卷叶型虫瘿为害的情况,并对非洲茉莉卷叶型虫瘿叶片的形态结构和卷叶型虫瘿内的昆虫形态特征进行了研究。结果表明:非洲茉莉卷叶型虫瘿的致瘿昆虫主要为钝鬃滑管蓟马,主要发生在幼叶上。按非洲茉莉叶片的被害情况和卷叶型虫瘿的形态,将卷叶型虫瘿分为5个受害等级。钝鬃滑管蓟马主要发生在非洲茉莉幼嫩叶片的快速生长时期,其特征为叶片明显变厚、细胞变大、叶片向上弯曲成U形,造成该性状的主要原因是叶片中各组织的细胞大小不一致造成的。本研究结果对进一步开展非洲茉莉叶片虫瘿的形成机制研究以及开展致瘿昆虫的综合控制研究提供理论依据。

Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. is a foliage plant of high value, and it is widely cultivated in the subtropical regions of China. However, the ornamental value is damaged by pests and diseases. The study of the morphological characteristics of the insect gall would help to clarity the relationship between the plant and insect gall, and finally control the gall. In this paper, The destruction condition on the leaves of F.ceilanica in Danzhou, Hainan, was preliminarily investigated, and the morphological structure of the insect gall including the insect was studied. The results showed that the insect galls were often occurred at the tender tissues and the gall-making insect was Liothrips sp. There were five injured levels of insect gall in the leaf according to the destruction condition and the morphology of gall type. The insect galls were often occurred at the tender tissues and the period of rapid growth of the leaf, which induced the leaf thickening and cell enlarging, bending upwards U shaped. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the formation of the leaf insect gall and the prevention and control of gall making insects.