试谈汉语介词短语状语的语序规则——从语义结合力的角度谈起

The Principles of Word Order of Adverbial Prepositional Phrases in Chinese ——focusing on Semantic Adhesion

现代汉语中介词短语为一种代表性的状语格式,其所处位置可在主语前后。介词短语从语序分布看有三种情况:介词短语(Ⅰ)只能采用后者语序;介词短语(Ⅱ)前后两种语序都可以采用;介词短语(Ⅲ)只能采用前者语序。文章对形成这一现象的核心因素从语义结合力角度进行探讨发现:介词短语(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ)在语义结合力以及谓语对介词宾语的施事性或受事性的凸显程度上存在差异,其对介词短语状语呈三种不同的语序倾向起关键作用。这是语义靠近原理共性语序规则在汉语中作为语言个性的充分体现。

In Modern Chinese, prepositional phrases are representative adverbial forms, which can be separated into the patterns（Ⅰ）,（Ⅱ）, and（Ⅲ） in the distribution of word order on the basis whether they are found after subjects or before them. In these three patters, prepositional phrase（Ⅰ） only appears in the former type, prepositional phrase（Ⅱ） appears both in the former and the latter type, and prepositional phrase（Ⅲ） only appears in the latter type. This paper investigates why such a phenomenon occurs from the viewpoint of semantic adhesion. As a result, we have shown that the appear of differences in semantic adhesion, and different features in profiling power to agentivitiy or patientivity in prepositional objects for each group. The reason about adverbial prepositional phrases appear as these three different patterns of word order is that above-mentioned differences play important parts as a main factor there. This is said to be a phenomenon embodied uniquely by the universal word-order principle of ＂Semantic Proximity Principle（SPP）＂ in Chinese.