我国特殊教育政策工具选择特点及改进研究——基于麦斯唐纳尔的分析框架

The Selection and Improvement of Special Education Policy Tools in China——Based on the Analysis Framework of Mc Donnell

政策工具是政策目标与政策结果之间的桥梁,选择合适的政策工具对有效实现政策目标具有决定性影响。运用麦克唐纳尔和埃尔莫尔的政策工具分类,对改革开放以来特殊教育政策工具进行分析,发现:我国特殊教育政策综合运用多种工具,但配置形式单一;倚重命令工具,劝告工具使用不足;强调对特殊教育投入,但管理运行缺乏;忽视权威调整,注重短期效益。建议未来特殊教育政策工具选择要注重实证研究,要促进政策工具的多样化、科学化组合,要强调地方政府责任,追求可持续发展。

Policy tools serve as a bridge between policy targets and policy results, and the selection of appropriate policy tools has a decisive impact on the effective achievement of policy objectives. This study, based on McDonnell and Elmore＇ s policy tools for special education, analyzed special education policy tools since the reform and opening-up in China. The results show the following： The integrated use of a variety of special education policy tools, but a unitary form of supporting systems in China; excessive dependence on command tools and insufficient use of proposal tools; emphasis on the investment in special education, but lack of management; and neglect of authoritative adjustment, but stress on short-term benefits. The selection of special education policy tools is expected to stress the empirical study, promote the integration of diversified and scientific policy tools, strengthen local governments＇ responsibilities, and pursue sustainable development.