骨源性外泌体在骨重建中的作用研究进展

Research progress in the effect of bone-derived exosomes on bone remodeling

骨代谢活动中骨吸收和骨形成在时间和空间上的紧密偶联过程称为骨重建。骨重建是一个非常精密并且程序化的过程,主要是由于骨吸收的破骨作用和骨形成的成骨作用之间在骨表面相继发生并配对调节的一过程,从而在骨损伤的相关部位产生新骨用以替代旧骨。通过这一方式,能够修复或靶向重建骨的微损伤,从而预防骨组织疲劳损伤的累积、保持骨损伤相关部位生物力学的功能及维持体内矿物质平衡。外泌体通常指的是30 nm^100 nm的细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于生物体之中,并能参与细胞间的物质与信息交换,能够调节细胞的增殖与分化,从而控制疾病的发生与发展。以往骨重建调节研究主要集中在骨组织的自分泌、旁分泌等方面,而本文通过整理中外学者对外泌体在骨重建相关细胞的研究报道,旨在简明阐述骨源性外泌体和骨重建之间的关系。

Bone remodeling refers to a close coupling process of bone resorption and bone formation in time and space in bone metabolic activity. Bone remodeling is a very sophisticated and procedural process. Because bone resorption and bone formation occur on the bone surface and the process is adjusted by the couple,the old bone is replaced by the new bone in the related part of the bone injury. In this way,bone micro-injury can be repaired or targeting reconstructed,thus preventing the accumulation of bone tissue fatigue damage,keeping biomechanical function and maintaining the body mineral balance at the relevant parts. Exosomes usually refer to 30-100 nm extracellular vesicles,which are widely exist in the body. Exosomes participate in intercellular exchange of material and information,regulate cell proliferation and differentiation,thus control the occurrence and development of the disease. Previously the study of bone remodeling mainly focuses on the autocrine and paracrine of bone tissue. This paper discuss the relationship between bone-derived exosomes and bone remodeling by arranging Chinese and foreign scholars’ reports on exosomes in bone remodeling-related cells.