生态学实验“可重复原则”的应用策略

The Application Strategy about “the Principle of Repeatability(Reproducibility or Replicability)” in Ecological Experiment

基于生态学实验研究的具体案例,对"可重复原则"在生态学实验中的应用情况进行分析,得出相应的应用策略:"不可重复的"生态学实验,不可强求其"重复",但如果是人为造成的,则应该加以改善,而且,"不可重复的"生态学实验,可以按照另外的"可重复原则",以尝试"重复";"可重复的"生态学实验,如果代价不大,可以按照"可重复原则"进行"重复"实验,否则,可以另辟新径,进行"对照实验"或"自然重现";在贯彻"可重复原则"的过程中,不能偏爱生态学实验的"可重复性",有意地进行生态学实验室实验或者生态学微宇宙实验,而较少进行中宇宙实验、宏观宇宙实验乃至野外微宇宙实验,降低乃至牺牲生态学实验的"真实性";不能偏爱生态学实验的"真实性"及其论证,如偏爱显著性,高估"显著性功效",损害其"可重复性",由此,应该量化"显著性功效",发现显著性偏爱,避免这一点;不能偏爱生态学实验的"正面"结果而嫌弃其"负面"结果,弃"负面"结果于不顾,进而不采取"可重复原则"对此进行"重复"实验。这种生态学实验"可重复原则"的应用策略与传统科学是不一样的。

Based on the specific case of ecological experiment research, principle of repeatability （reproducibility or replicability） ＂ in ecological this paper analyzes the application of ＂the experiment and the corresponding application strategy is obtained：＂ Non-repetition＂ ecological experiment, if not artifact, does need not to be ＂repeated＂, but can be improved according to the specific situation, such as trying to have the ＂repetition＂ according to a different principle from the original ＂repetition＂ ; If the cost is not high, ＂repeatable＂ ecological experiment can be ＂repeated＂ according to ＂the principle of repeatability（ reproducibility or replicability）＂, otherwise a new path can be directed to ＂control experiment＂ or ＂natural recurrence＂. In the process of implementing the principle of repetition, we should not favor the ＂repetition＂ of ecological experiments and intentionally conduct ecological laboratory experiments or ecological microcosm experiments. In contrast, there are fewer experiments in the mesocosm, macrocosm, and field microcosm, which reduces or even sacrifices ＂authenticity＂ of ecological experiments. We should not favor the ＂authenticity＂ of ecological experiment and its demonstration, such as significant bias, overestimating ＂the significant effect＂ and impairing its ＂repetition＂, therefore, we should quantify ＂the significant effect＂ and find the significant bias to avoid it. We should not favor the ＂positive＂ results of ecological experiments and ignore the ＂negative＂ results, then fail to adopt the ＂the principle of repeatability （ reproducibility or replicability） ＂ to conduct the ＂repetitional＂ experiments. ＂The principle of repeatability （ reproducibility or replicability） ＂ of such ecological experiments is different from traditional science in its application strategies.