买卖合同担保之探析——以《民间借贷司法解释》第二十四条为焦点

Analysis on Guarantee of Sales Contract——Focusing on Article 24 of Judicial Interpretation of Private Lending

以买卖合同作借贷合同中债务人清偿债务之担保,系经济社会新需要不断产生的背景下自发形成的新类型担保形式。《民间借贷司法解释》第二十四条首次对买卖合同担保借贷合同之情形作出回应,然其语境下此种担保性质与效力尚未明确,发展空间有限。学界关于买卖合同担保主要有后让与担保说、泛化的抵押说、代物清偿说和债的担保说等论争,采泛化的抵押说之基本立场,买卖合同担保在现有物权法的体系下解释为抵押应是可行的出路。在此基础上,预告登记制度的适当援用可有效裨补买卖合同担保公示方法的缺漏。法具有滞后性,经由物权法定主义缓和的展开,新物权势将得以肯认而创设,以期完善物权法的体系,满足经济社会不断产生的新需要。

Utilizing sales contract as guarantee of lending contract is a new type of guarantee spontaneously formed under the back- ground of New economic and social needs. Article 24 of judicial interpretation of private lending responds to the situation of sales con- tract guaranteeing the lending contract firstly. However, the nature and effectiveness of such guarantee in the context are not clear and the development space is limited. In regard to it, there are several debates in academic circles such as view of afterward transferring guarantee, view of extensive mortgage, view of substitutes repaying and view of debt guarantee. The basic position of extensive mort- gage is that the guarantee of sales contract under the existing property law system should be a viable option. On this basis, advance - notice registration system can be used to supplement the omission of the method of the public display of sales contract. The law has a lag, and the new property rights will be recognized and created through the relaxation of the legal doctrine of property rights. The final aim is to meet the new needs of economic society by perfecting the system of property law.