比较视野下中国指导性案例的效力研究

A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Guiding Cases in China

对于判例效力的研究,通常有说服力和拘束力之分,我国目前的指导性案例的效力,体现为一种独立的制度性"参照力"。受规范出发型裁判思维的影响,我国指导性案例具有参照效力的内容限于"裁判要点",并且多表现为裁判规则的提炼,但不能作为裁判规则加以引用,仅能作为裁判理由。指导性案例参照效力的有效发挥需要制度性和技术性机制的完善,包括法官激励与权利保障制度、当事人权利保障与律师责任制度、裁判文书说理技术、法律适用技术等。未来指导性案例向司法判例制度的发展,需要更多深入而有说服力的论证。

The validity of judicial cases is usually described as persuasive force or binding force.The validity of current guiding cases in China is embodied in an independent institutional reference force.Influenced by the mindset of civil law,the reference force is limited to the points of the judgment and is often expressed as rules.However, those rules cannot be quoted as judicial rules and can only serve as legal reasons.The effective exertion of reference force of guiding cases needs the improvement of both institutional and technical mechanisms, including the system of incentives and rights guarantees for judges, the protection of the rights of the parties and lawyers＇ liability system,the judicial argumentation techniques,and techniques of applying laws.The development of the guiding case system in the future requires more in-depth and persuasive research.