广州与澳门本科护生社区护理就业意愿的对比分析

Comparative analysis on community nursing employment intention of nursing undergraduates between Guangzhou and Macao

目的比较广州与澳门护理本科生社区护理就业意愿及相关态度的差异,为社区护理教育教学改革提供参考依据.方法2017年6—7月对广州中医药大学136名2014级护理本科生和澳门镜湖护理学院33名2014级护理本科生进行社区护理就业意愿及相关态度的问卷调查.结果52.9%的广州本科护生因为＂社区护理工作自由度高和不用值夜班＂愿意从事社区护理工作,而45.5%的澳门本科护生因为＂符合个人性格和兴趣爱好＂而选择从事社区护理工作;两地本科护生对个人职业发展的期待程度差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.708,P〈0.05）;主观上愿意从事社区护理工作的广州与澳门本科护生分别为71.3%和75.8%.结论与澳门相比,广州本科护生对社区护理就业意愿更为消极,且职业价值观不成熟,就业决策的自主性较低,最容易受到父母的影响.本科社区护理教育教学改革应着力探索构建学校-医院-社区＂三位一体化＂实践教学模式,尽早开展社区课程与社区实践,改革实践教学方法,加强社区实践基地建设和社区护理师资建设.

Objective To compare the community nursing employment intention of nursing students between Guangzhou and Macao, so as to provide references for the teaching reform of community nursing education for undergraduates. Methods From June to July 2017, a questionnaire investigation on community nursing employment intention of nursing students was conducted in 136 nursing undergraduates of Grade 2014 in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and 33 nursing undergraduates of Grade 2014 in Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macao. Results 52.9% of the nursing undergraduates in Guangzhou were willing to work as a community nurse because of ＂High degree of freedom of community nursing and no night shift＂, while 45.5% of the students in Macao would like to be engaged in community nursing because of ＂Conforming to personal character and interest＂. There was significant difference in the expectation of individual career development between the students in the two areas （χ^2=10.708, P〈0.05）. The percentage of nursing undergraduates who were willing to engage in community nursing work in Guangzhou and Macao was 71.3% and 75.8% respectively. Conclusions Compared with Macao, the nursing undergraduates in Guangzhou have more negative community nursing employment intention, whose vocational values are not mature, and they are easily affected by their parents when making employment decisions. The teaching reform of undergraduate community nursing education should focus on the school-hospital-community ＂trinity＂ practice teaching mode establishment, carrying out the community curriculum and practice as soon as possible, reforming the practice teaching methods, increasing the construction of practice bases in community, and strengthening the construction of community nursing faculty.