基于IMB模型的健康教育模式在老年冠心病住院患者中的应用效果

Effects of health education based on information-motivation-behavior model in elderly inpatients withcoronary disease

目的 探讨基于IMB技巧模型的健康教育在老年冠心病住院患者中的应用效果,旨在为临床护理提供依据.方法 选取2014年1月-2015年12月天津医科大学总医院住院治疗的老年冠心病患者122例,按照随机数表法随机分为两组,每组61例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组在此基础上增加基于IMB技巧模型的健康教育,采用全面调查的方法,使用SAS、SDS、自我管理量表、自我效能量表比较干预后两组患者的焦虑抑郁情况、自我管理行为和自我效能情况.结果 干预2个月后,观察组患者焦虑评分（36.41±3.17）分,抑郁评分（35.22±3.29）分,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为-13.486、-15.312;P〈0.01）;观察组患者日常生活管理评分为（41.33±2.91）分,情绪管理评分为（24.77±3.01）分,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为19.193、17.894;P〈0.01）;观察组患者自我效能得分（17.55±4.25）分,对照组（14.14±4.13）分,差异有统计学意义（t=13.715,P〈0.01）.结论 基于IMB技巧模型的健康教育对于缓解老年冠心病住院患者的消极情绪,提高其自我管理能力具有积极作用,临床上可以加以使用,提高老年冠心病住院患者的护理效果.

Objective To explore the effects of health education based on information-motivation-behavior （IMB） skill model in elderly inpatients with coronary disease, so as to provide a basis for clinical nursing care. Methods From January 2014 to December 2015, we selected a total of 122 elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. All of the patients were divided into two groups according to the random number table, 61 cases in each group. Patients in control group accepted usual nursing. On that basis, patients in observation group were treated with health education based on IMB skill model. The SAS, SDS, Self-Management Instrument Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale were used to compared the anxiety, depression, self-management and self-efficacy of patients between two groups by complete survey.Results Two months after intervention, the score of anxiety and depression of patients in observation group was （36.41±3.17） and （35.22±3.29） respectively, lower than those in control group with significant differences （t=-13.486, -15.312; P〈 0.01）. The score of daily life management and emotional management of patients in observation group was （41.33±2.91） and （24.77±3.01） respectively, lower than those in control group with significant differences （t=19.193, 17.894; P〈 0.01）. There was a significant difference in the score of self-efficacy between observation group （17.55±4.25） and control group （14.14±4.13） （t=13.715, P〈 0.01）. Conclusions The health education based on IMB skill model has a positive role in relieving negative emotions and improving self-management ability among elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease. The intervention could be used in clinic so as to improve the nursing effects of elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease.