新型肥料对小白菜养分积累特征及黄壤酶活性的影响

Influence of New-type Fertilizer on Nutrient Accumulation Characteristics of Chinese Cabbage and Yellow Soil Enzyme Activity

新型肥料通过不同的作用机理使其养分释放特性与作物养分需求相吻合,是实现我国化肥减施增效的重要技术之一。采用盆栽试验,研究了保水型(BSX)和稳定型(WDX)两种新型肥料对贵州黄壤区小白菜氮、磷、钾素积累特征、土壤酶活性及肥料回收利用率的影响。结果表明:小白菜N、P和K养分积累特征均符合Logistic方程,其中BSX和WDX处理的N素和P素积累以及WDX处理的K素积累方程决定系数均达到显著或极显著水平。与普通复合肥(FHF)处理相比,两种新型肥料使小白菜N素和K素积累发生后移,且养分快速积累持续期△t明显缩短,最大积累速率V_(max)明显提高,可满足小白菜"前促后稳"的养分需求规律,并实现养分短时间内的高效利用。两种新型肥料显著降低了土壤磷酸酶活性,BSX处理的过氧化氢酶活性则显著高于WDX处理。稳定型(WDX)缓释肥的氮肥回收利用率为78.22%,显著高于FHF和BSX处理,但磷肥回收利用率和钾肥回收利用率处理间差异不显著。土壤脲酶对N、P和K素养分积累影响显著,土壤磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶则分别对P、K素和N、K素积累影响明显。因此,保水型和稳定型缓释肥均适用于贵州小白菜的栽培,综合来看以稳定型缓释肥的效果最佳。

The new-type fertilizer is used to make the nutrient release characteristics match with the demand of crops.It is one of the important technologies for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer in China.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of 2 new-type fertilizers,including water retaining fertilizer（ BSX） and stable slow release fertilizer（ WDX） on N,P and K accumulation characteristics,soil enzyme activities and fertilizer recover utilization rate. The results showed that the characteristics of N,P and K in Chinese cabbage were in accord with Logistic equation,it reached significant or extremely significant level among the equation the accumulation of N,P of the BSX and WDX treatment and the accumulation of K. Compared with FHF treatment,the N and K accumulation of BSX and WDX treatment were delayed,and it had a shorter duration of fast-growing stage（ △t） and the maximum accumulation rate（ V（max）） was obviously improved,indicating the 2 new-type fertilizer could meet the requirements of the ＂promotion in early stage and stabilization in later stage ＂of Chinese cabbage,andrealize the efficient use of nutrient in short time. The new-type fertilizer significantly reduced the soil phosphatase activity,and the catalase activity of BSX treatment was significantly higher than that of WDX. The REN reached 78.22% in WDX treatment,significantly higher than that of FHF and BSX treatments. But there was no significant differences between REP and REK. The soil urease significantly affected on NPK accumulation,while the soil phosphatase and catalase affected PK and NK,respectively. Therefore,the new-type fertilizers can be applied to planting of Chinese cabbage in Guizhou. Judging from the whole,the effect of stability slow-release fertilizer（ WDX）is the best.