《黄帝内经》“辛味”探析

Analysis of the Knowledge of the Pungent in Internal Classic of Huangdi

[目的]总结《黄帝内经》关于辛味的论述,对其进一步深入探析,以更好地指导临床配伍应用。[方法]整理《黄帝内经》中论述辛味的条文,从辛的涵义、功效、临床应用、禁忌四方面阐述并引申发挥,使其更加系统明了。[结果]辛味不仅包括滋味、气味,还有功效之味。在《黄帝内经》的基础上认识辛味,其性升散,归肺属金,入于上焦,有着走气发散、养肺润肾、制酸养筋的独特功效。辛味药有行、散、润、通、化、升之功,作用殊多,并可与甘苦酸淡咸诸味组方配伍,衍化出辛甘化阳、辛开苦降、辛散酸收、辛咸软坚、辛淡渗利等等,进一步扩展了应用范围。辛味有其具体的治则治法,根据六淫外邪的不同和五脏各自的生理病理特性,或以辛为主,或以其为辅,随证治之。[结论]辛味居五味之首,发挥着独特的作用,掌握其药性、功效,临床处方将更加得当灵活巧妙。

[Objective] Based on the analysis of the knowledge of the pungent in Internal Classic of Huangdi, in order to bring in a new perspective for the further study. [Methods] Sorting out the viewpoints of Internal Classic of Huangdi, this article elaborates the guiding significance of Internal Classic of Huaugdi on the cognition of pungent medicine, compatibility of prescription and clinical application of the pungent in later generation. [Result] The connotation of pungent incorporates taste, smell and effectiveness. Based on the inspiration from Internal Classic of Huangdi, pungent has the nature of upward, smooth, nourish and disperse. Based on different functions of pungent, such as upward, smooth and nourish, the essay assorts acrid into various groups. According to six exopathogens, tonification and purgation based on visceral conditions, it establishes therapies and therapeutic principles and combines five kinds of flavours when acrid using. [Conclusion] As one of the five flavours, pungent plays a vital role in physic. We are supposed to grasp the drug property and efficacy of pungent, getting appropriate and flexible usage in clinic.