武汉市老年人血脂水平与营养状况的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of blood lipid level and nutritional status of elderly in Wuhan city

目的 探讨武汉市老年人血脂水平与营养状况的相关性.方法 选取2016年1月1日～12月31日行体检的老年人1634例作为研究对象,先后进行医学体检及膳食结构调查,记录血液检测结果 、分析老年人膳食结构并分析高血脂症患者和正常人群营养素摄入量及其相关性.结果经检验发现,1634例老年人中高血脂症患者632例,男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）水平明显低于女性,舒张压（DBP）明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;男性和女性间收缩压（SBP）及空腹血糖（FPG）水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）;老年人膳食结构中奶类、鱼虾类、水果类、蔬菜类、豆类及制品、坚果类摄入量明显少于推荐摄入量,盐、食用油、畜禽肉类、谷类及薯类含量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;高血脂组维生素A、脂肪、蛋白质及能量较正常组明显升高,维生素C摄入量明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）.维生素A、脂肪、蛋白质越高,发生高血脂症的可能性越大,维生素C越高,发生高血脂症的可能性越小.结论 膳食结构不合理是引发血脂水平升高的主要原因,应增加维生素C摄入量,减少维生素A、脂肪、蛋白质及能量摄入量,有效改善患者饮食习惯,并定期进行检查,促进血脂水平降低.

Objective To explore the relationship between blood lipid level and nutritional status of the aged population in Wuhan. Methods A total of 1 634 elderly people who had taken physical examinations between December 2015 and December 2016 were selected as the research objects. Medical examination and dietary structure investigation were carried out successively. The blood test results were recorded, and the dietary structure and the nutrient intake of hyperlipidemia patients and normal population, and the correlation between nutrient intake and the lipid levels were analyzed. Results Among the 1 634 elderly people, 632 were found as hyperlipidemia patients, and the levels of high density lipoprotein （HDL） cholesterol, total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） of the male ones were shown to be significantly lower than female, with diastolic blood pressure （DBP） increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0. 05 ）. However, there was no statistically significant difference registered in systolic blood pressure （SBP） and fasting plasma glucose （FPG） between the male and female, and the differences were statistically significant （P〉0. 05）. The intake of milk, fish, people was significantly less than the recommended toes were significantly increased, with statistically fruits, vegetables, beans and bean products, and nuts of the elderly intake, and the content of salt, edible oil, meat, cereals and potasignifi gy in the hyperlipemia group were increased significantly nifieantly reduced, and the differences were statistically cant difference （P〈0. 05 ）. Vitamin A, fat, protein and ener- compared with normal group, yet the vitamin C intake was sig- significant （P〈0. 05 ）. The higher the vitamin A, fat and protein, the greater the likelihood of occurrence of hyperlipidemia （P〈0. 05 ）, and the higher the level of vitamin C, the smaller the likelihood of occurrence of hyperlipidemia （ P〈0. 05 ）. Conclusions Unbalanced diet is the leading cause of elevated blood lipid levels. The increasing intake of vitamin C and the reduced intake of vitamin A, protein and energy, improved dietary habits, and regular examinations can help to reduce the blood lipid levels.