国际追逃追赃视野中的特别没收程序:法律属性、对象范围与证明规则

The Special Confiscation Procedures in the View of International Fugutive Repatriation and Asset Recovery:Legal Attributes, Scope of Objects and Proving Rules

特别没收程序在我国国际追逃追赃工作中发挥着举足轻重的作用。特别没收程序在法律属性上存在刑事诉讼程序说与民事诉讼程序说之争,但前一种观点更为合理。在对"应当追缴的财产"进行认定时,要厘清违法所得财产的来源,至于供犯罪所用的个人财产是否没收,不可一概而论,这应当取决于其与违法所得或者犯罪行为的关联程度。特别没收程序的证明范围可以做适当扩大解释,但要与《民法总则》相协调,其证明标准宜采取高度盖然性标准,它虽然低于一般刑事诉讼的证明标准,但高于普通民事诉讼的证明标准。

Special confiscation procedures are playing an important role in international fugutive repatriation and asset recovery. In terms of legal attributes, there is a disagreement between the theory of criminal proceedings and that of civil proceedings, but the former is more reasonable. In the process of determining＂the assets that should be recovered＂, it is necessary to clarify the source of illegal property. The judges must not make sweeping generalizations on whether personal property used for offense should be forfeited, that depend on the degree of association with illegal earnings or criminal offences. The scope of certification can be interpreted extensively in a proper way. However,to coordinate with the＂General Principles of Civil Law＂is very important. Besides, the standard of proof should achieve a high degree of probability, which stands between the general standard of criminal proceedings and ordinary standard of civil proceedings.