歌德《中篇》中动物的异托邦

Heterotopia for Animals in Novelle Written by Goethe

在漫长的历史进程中,动物与人的关系密不可分。从远古时代的动物图腾到农耕社会的动物功能化直至现代社会的动物消费化,人对于动物的文化感知也在不断发生变化。而"动物"本身也是一个由人创造,并用于与人相对照的概念。本文拟从"文化学"视角出发,结合历史人类学研究,试图探寻歌德的小说《中篇》所展现出的19世纪初期德国及欧洲大陆人与动物之间的张力关系。

In the long course of history, the relationship between animals and human beings has been inseparably interwoven. Starting from the totem of animals in ancient times, followed by the functionalization of animals in farming communities, until the consumerization of animals in modem societies, the cultural perception of human beings for animals has been constantly changed. Furthermore, animal, by itself, is a concept created by and compared with human beings. This paper, based on theories of culturology and historical anthropology, has studied on tensions between human beings and animals reflected from Novelle written by Goethe within Germany and Europe in the early 19th century.