“视差”与“表层阅读”:从坡到齐泽克

“Parallax” and “Surface Reading”:From Poe to Zizek

西方阅读史上围绕"深层"与"表层"模式历来存在潜性或显性的理论争端。这一难以消解的二元对立使得现代文学阅读呈现出两大流派:以弗洛伊德、尼采、阿尔都塞等为代表的"深层阐释";以桑塔格、贝斯特、塞奇威克等为代表的"表层阅读"。与此形成对照的是,齐泽克理论著述中构建的"视差"学说将美国作家埃德加·坡的"侧视"(作为一种文学认知机制)演绎为一种富于哲学批判精神的"斜视"策略,为当下方兴未艾的文学"表层阅读"实践提供了一种独特的方法论,在一定程度上消除了长期以来批评界在"深层"模式与"表层"模式之间构筑的壁垒。

There have long been in the reading/interpreting history various theoretical disputes(either overt or latent) over the "depth"vs."surface" problematic.This inveterate dichotomy results in two branches of modern reading: what Freud,Nietzsche and Marx represent as the "depth hermeneutic"and what Susan Sontag,Stephen Best and Eve Sedgwick represent as the "surface reading".Meanwhile,the "parallax" theory posed by Zizek,in a way,transforms Poe's "sidelong glance"(as a sort of literary cognitive strategy) into a reading/interpreting philosophy known as "looking awry",which,while providing the "surface-readers" with a unique methodology,obfuscating to a certain extent the long-standing demarcation line drawn between the "depth"mode and the"surface"one.This article intends to revisit their dialectical relations.