费诺罗萨还是庞德?——《作为诗歌媒介的中国书写文字》的作者问题

Fenollosa and Pound:The Authorship Question Regarding The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry

在后结构主义关于"作者"及"译者"相关理论的启发下,《作为诗歌媒介的中国书写文字》的作者问题显得微妙起来。这篇后来以单行本问世的文章原作者是费诺罗萨,却由庞德编辑和出版,并通过个人的权威地位使其广为人知。一百多年来,庞德在这部作品中的角色定位起起伏伏,并在2008年出版的评注本中成为第二作者,而非编者。费诺罗萨的作者功能相应"式微"。本文将首先回顾《作为诗歌媒介的中国书写文字》的出版简况,而后通过细察费诺罗萨手稿与庞德公开出版的文字之别,来分析后者的编辑工作;再将这部作品置于庞德个人的思想发展及文学脉络中进行观察;最后以马歇雷、巴尔特、福柯及本雅明的后结构主义理论,通过诗人庞德集作者、批评者、编者及译者于一身的多重角色来审视这部作品的作者问题。

Analyzed in the light of post-structural theories concerning the ideas of "author" and "translator",the authorship of The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry requires a subtle differentiation.The draft was done by Ernest Fenollosa,but Ezra Pound,editing and publishing it,made it well-known through the poet's own celebrity and authorship.Over almost one century,the nature of Pound's role in this book has been evolving,peaking with the 2008 critical edition from Fordham University Press,where Pound is credited as the co-author,rather than editor as in earlier versions.Correspondingly,Fenollosa's supposed role as author has diminished.This article will review the publishing history of The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry and analyze Pound's careful editing of Fenollosa's final draft.