2012-2016年荆州市重症手足口病病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Cases of Hand-foot-and-mouth Disease in Jingzhou City From 2012 to 2016

目的了解荆州市2012-2016年重症手足口病的流行特征及病原学构成,为科学防控提供依据。方法利用描述性流行病学方法对荆州市2012-2016年重症手足口病的流行特征及病原学检测结果进行分析。结果荆州市2012-2016年共报告重症手足口病120例,年均发病率为0.42/10万,三级综合性医疗机构报告93例,妇幼保健院报告25例,二级综合性医疗机构报告2例。发病至诊断为重症病例的中位数时间为3 d,发病至死亡的中位数时间为5.5 d。4~7月为发病高峰,高发地区为荆州区,患者以5岁以下儿童为主,1~2岁年龄组居多,男性多于女性,职业分布以散居儿童为主。主要病毒型为EV71型。结论重症手足口病的发病与地区、年龄、职业、时间、病毒型别有关,需针对性关注,降低重症病例的发生和死亡。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe cases of hand,foot and mouth disease（ HFMD） in Jingzhou City from 2012-2016 and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of severe cases of HFMD from 2012 to 2016 in Jingzhou. Results A total of 120 severe cases of HFMD were reported in Jingzhou during this period,the annual incidence was 0. 42/105. Among the total cases,93 were reported by the three general hospitals,25 were reported by institutes of maternal and child health care,and 2 were reported by the class II general medical institutions. The median time from onset to diagnosis of severe cases was 3 d; The median time from onset to death was 5. 5 d. The peak incidence occurred in April to July; Jingzhou District showed the highest incidence. The major cases of HFMD involved children younger than five years old,and especially those aged 1-2 years. More cases occurred in males than in females,and most cases involved children outside child care settings. EV71 was the main pathogen. Conclusion The severe cases of HFMD are associated with age,time and virus type. It is necessary to pay more attention to reduce the incidence and mortality of severe cases.