文化认同和参与能力视角下的乡村治理路径探索——基于鄂东某村落春节期间的乡村治理实践

Paths to Rural Governance Based on Cultural Identity and Participatory Capacity:A Social Practice of a Village in East Hubei

在市场化、城市化和现代化冲击下,中国乡村作为一个村集体"大家庭"的身份认同日渐式微。这种集体认同的消解不断侵蚀乡村治理的文化基础。同时,快速城市化背景下,随着大量年轻劳动力的外流和弱势村民的留守,中国乡村"空心化"现象十分普遍。其结果是,村民很难实质性地参与到乡村发展和乡村治理过程中去,中国乡村治理工作普遍面临治理主体缺位和治理无方等结构性问题。重点参照文化认同和参与能力的理论基础,具体从乡村治理主体地位的培养、乡村治理能力的提升两方面,笔者通过在其家乡湖北东部FX村开展村民论坛、尽孝道和摆长桌宴等活动,试图探索中国乡村治理的有效路径。实践表明:第一,基于"共同体"的乡村社区文化认同感和归属感的建立,是乡村治理的前提和基础;第二,根植乡村公共性,激发村民的表达和参与意愿,增强村民议事能力,是乡村治理的本质和关键。最后,对目前如火如荼的乡村(村镇)规划,提出若干启示:1)乡村(村镇)规划的核心议题是社区、社区关系和社区能力;2)乡村(村镇)规划不能沿袭城市(镇)规划的思维;3)乡村(村镇)规划需要充分尊重乡土知识;4)比起物质性规划,乡村(村镇)的社会性规划(social planning)更加重要;5)质性分析和质性思维非常重要。

Facing globalization, urbanization and modernization, rural China witnessed unprecedented deconstruction and reconstruction, which were especially characterized by gradual vanishment of cultural identity as a whole family of a village. As a result, cultural bases of rural governance could be destroyed. At the same time, under rapid urbanization, ＇hollowing-out＇ of China＇s countries was very universal, which was driven by going-out of lots of young laborers and staying of relatively weak villagers. As a result, Chinese villagers were confronted with great difficulties in deep engagement in the process of rural development and governance, which caused structural problems such as absence of main bodies, inefficiencies of rural governance during the rural development and rural governance. According to the theories of cultural identity and participatory capacity, focusing on cultivation of dominant role of rural governance, and promotion of participatory capacity, this paper made a case study of FX village in East Hubei, implemented activities of rural forum, filial piety and long table dinner, etc, tried to explore the possible paths to move forward rural governance in China. Our experiments figured out that, firstly, the establishment of cultural identity and sense of belonging based on ＂community＂ was the preconditions and foundation of rural governance. Secondly, to root rural publicity, to stimulate the villagers＇ expression and willingness to participate in rural development, and to enhance the ability of villagers to deliberate, were the essence and key of rural governance in China. Finally, the paper put forward some enlightenments for the current rural （village） planning： 1） The core topic of rural （village） planning was community, community relations and community competence; 2） Rural （village） planning could not follow the city （town） planning; 3） Rural （village） planning should have fully respect for rural local knowledge; 4） Social planning was more important than physical planning in the planning of rural areas; 5） Qualitative analysis and qualitative thinking were vitally important.