政府购买社区居家养老服务的探索——以广州Y区为例

Exploration of the Government Purchasing of Community Home-based Care Services for the Elderly——Taking Y District of Guangzhou as an Example

广州自20世纪90年代就已步入老龄化城市行列,老龄化时间早、程度深。作为广州老城区的Y区已进入重度人口老龄化阶段,政府直接提供的机构养老服务难以满足旺盛的养老服务刚性需求。早在2009年,Y区引入港澳先进的社工理念,在该区福利院养老服务试点项目中,尝试通过政府面向社会组织购买社区居家养老服务。研究发现,该项目有效缓解了养老服务供给不足的矛盾,但也存在制度规范不健全、财政支持力度不足、监督评估机制亟待完善的问题。应从推进"政府购买公共服务法"的立法建设和完善地方行政立法两个角度来夯实政府购买公共服务的制度化基础,从加大财政资金直接投入力度和给予服务供给主体税收上的实际减免两个方面来加强政府购买社区居家养老服务的财政支持力度,从增强项目评估体系的消费者至上导向和打造内外联动的过程监督评估体系两个维度上来完善监督评估体系等系列措施是有效化解困境,优化政府面向社会组织购买社区居家养老服务的路径选择。

Guangzhou has stepped into the aging city with the feature of early start and deep degree since 1990s. The Y District, as an old district of Guangzhou, has entered the stage of severe aging. The demand for pension services is so vigorous that it＇s hard for the direct institutional pension service provided by the government to meet the huge demand. As early as 2009, Y District introduced the advanced concept of social work from Hong Kong and Macao. The government tried to buy community home care services through social organizations in the pilot project of the pension service welfare program. The study found that the project effectively alleviated the contradiction of insufficient supply of pension services, with also problems appearing, such as imperfect system norms, inadequate financial support and the need to improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism. In this sense, the legislation efforts on the law of government purchase of public services and local administrative legislations shall be promoted to lay a solid institutional basis for the work. Government financial support of purchasing community home-based care services shall be strengthened through increasing direct financial investment and giving actual tax cut to the service suppliers. The supervision and evaluation system shall be improved by giving support to the consumer-oriented project evaluation system and creating the internal and external linked supervision and evaluation system. These are the measures to resolve the dilemma and optimize the path of government purchasing community home-based elderly care services.