大学国际化提高了区域创新能力吗?

Has the Internationalization of Universities Improved Regional Innovation Capability?

在三螺旋理论中,政府、产业和大学三者合作推动区域创新发展。全球化进一步拓展了创新主体参与合作的广度和深度,尤其是产业国际化水平对区域创新能力提高的影响越来越大。但大学国际化对区域创新能力的影响却没有被重视。文章以三螺旋算子为门槛值研究大学国际化水平、能力和不同类型对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现,我国区域创新合作环境整体上指向区域化,官、产、学三者合作水平较低,区域科研体系开放性和市场化程度不高,区域创新合作环境整体较差。官、产、学三者合作相对紧密的地区具有良性的创新合作环境,大学国际化水平对区域创新能力的影响较大;官、产、学三者合作不密切地区的创新能力则受大学国际化能力的影响较大。无论是"走出去"、"引进来"还是"面对面"形式的大学国际化,在创新合作环境好的地区,对创新能力都有着显著的正向影响。受代理变量选择的影响,"编码"形式大学国际化对区域创新的影响不明显;在创新合作环境差的地区,大学研发投入是影响区域创新能力的主要因素,同时需要"引进来"和"面对面"形式的大学国际化参与国际学习、交流和培训,以增加创新个体之间的直接交流,促进当地区域创新能力的提升。

In the regional innovation system,government is the main part of institutional innovation,enterprise is the main part of technological innovation,and university is the main part of knowledge innovation.In other words,government is responsible for providing institutional support for effective innovation,enterprise is responsible for adapting to the market and applying R＆D to business applications,and university is responsible for the production,spreading and transfer of knowledge.With the rapid economic globalization,international cooperation and cross-border alliances among each innovation entities have an increasing influence on regional innovation capability.Existing literature has done a lot of research on the internationalization of enterprises and innovation.However,university as an important part of social innovation system in the era of knowledge economy,the influence of its degree of internationalization on innovation capability is rarely researched.In theory,the internationalization of university is an international＂learning-by-alliances＂.On the one hand,it increases the international spread of codified knowledge through international textbooks,scientific research projects,and conference exhibitions.On the other hand,it increases the spread of tacit knowledge by increasing the international exchange of students and teachers.These all provide conditions for the production of new knowledge and the spreading of old knowledge in different groups and regions,which in turn will improve the regional innovation capability.The paper makes a quantitative analysis on the internationalization of university and the regional innovation capability based on the triple-helical innovation model of government-enterprise-university.It is found that the innovation coordination environment for government-enterprise-university is generally regionalized and the level of cooperation is low.Both openness and marketization of the regional scientific research system are not high,and the overall regional innovation coordination is poor.In the close coordination regions,the regional innovation coordination is related well and the degree of university’s internationalization has great influence on the regional innovation capability.Furthermore,in the less close coordination regions,the ability of university’s internationalization has a relatively larger impact on regional innovation capability.On the whole,in the close coordination regions,the internationalization of university in the form of no matter＂go abroad＂＂bring in＂or＂face to face＂all have a significant positive impact on the innovation capability.Affected by variable selection,the impact from＂codified＂university’s internationalization is not significant.In the less close coordination regions,the R＆D input from university is the main factor affecting regional innovation capability.In addition to this,it is necessary to adopt the internationalization of university in the form of＂bring in＂as well as＂face to face＂to promote local regional innovation capability.