牛粪添加对园林绿化废弃物蚯蚓堆肥的影响研究

Vermicomposting of Green Waste Using Eisenia Fetida and as Affected by Addition of Cow Dung

采用赤子爱胜蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）对园林绿化废弃物（GW）进行蚯蚓堆肥,研究牛粪（CD）添加对蚯蚓及堆肥的影响.在保持园林绿化废物占主体的情况下,试验共设5个处理（CD∶GW,干质量）：T1（0∶100）、T2（5∶95）、T3（10∶90）、T4（15∶85）和T5（20∶80）,进行11周堆肥,测定不同处理下蚯蚓生长繁殖情况和堆肥前后材料的微生物、理化性质变化,并以种子发芽试验测定堆肥效果.结果表明：与T1纯园林废弃物相比,牛粪添加可以提高蚯蚓的存活率、加快蚯蚓生长和繁殖速度;提高纤维素和木质素降解率,增加堆肥产品营养元素含量;增加堆肥产品中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量.各处理发芽指数均达到80%以上,显示堆肥腐熟.在各处理中,T4和T5处理的蚯蚓生长量、繁殖率和产品质量指标显著高于对照T1处理,但T4和T5组间差异不显著,为节约生产成本,基于本试验的环境条件和处理方式,建议牛粪在园林绿化废弃物蚯蚓堆肥按15∶85比例添加.

This study investigated the effects of cow dung addition on vermicomposting of green waste by employing Eisenia fetida. Using green waste as the major part of the mixed medium,five treatments were prepared by mixing green waste（GW） with cow dung（CD） at ratios（CD∶ GW,dry weight） of 0∶ 100,5 ∶ 95,10 ∶ 90,15 ∶ 85 and 20 ∶ 80（treatments T1 to T5,respectively）.Growth and reproductive performance of Eisenia fetida in different treatments were measured during the entire vermicomposting period of 11 weeks. Microbiological,physical and chemical properties of initial materials and final vermicomposts were also analyzed. Moreover,the germination experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of cow dung addition on maturity of the vermicompost. The results showed that,in comparison with pure green waste（T1）,cow dung addition improved the rate of survival,growth and reproduction of earthworms,accelerated the degradation rate of cellulose and lignin,as well as increased the nutrient contents of final vermicompost product. Moreover,an increasing trend of microbial population（bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes） in vermicomposts were also recorded with the addition of cow dung. The germination index（GI） value was over 80% at the end of vermicomposting for all five treatments,which implied that all the vermicomposts have reached maturity. Among these five treatments,T4 and T5 indicated significantly higher fertilizer value of final product as well as growth and fecundity of Eisenia fetida than T1,but no significantly difference was found between T4 and T5. In order to reduce the cost,based on the environmental factors and treatment characteristics of this study,the recommended the cow dung addition ratio to green waste is 15∶ 85.