新时代下中国自然资源安全的战略思考

Strategic Thinking on the Security of Natural Resources of China in the New Era

中国特色社会主义进入新时代,经济处于转型升级的攻关期,自然资源安全保障被赋予了新的使命和要求。刚成立的自然资源部为新时代中国自然资源安全保障和综合管理的发展带来了新机遇。新时代是30 a以上的大尺度,其中长期战略安排需基于对自然资源历史变化的系统总结和对未来中长期的资源供需形势的战略研判。综合来看,未来中长期中国水资源需求仍将上升,耕地的粮食供应压力增大,直接影响民生福祉;矿产资源需求整体仍处于高位,不同矿种需求由"普涨"转向"结构性分异";森林资源木材供给压力加重,关联着现代化经济体系的建设目标。以生态文明战略为统领,践行"绿水青山就是金山银山(两山)"的理念,坚持节约资源和保护环境,是保障中国自然资源安全的关键。为缓解中国整体资源安全压力,提高自然资源综合保障能力,以更有力地支撑中国"两个百年"战略目标的实现,建议:抓紧开展面向新时代的中国自然资源战略研究及顶层规划设计;实行严格的自然资源管理和环境保护制度;优化资源供给结构,加快资源开发利用的科技创新;立足国内,提高资源利用效率,促进循环利用,加强资源领域的国际合作。

When socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the economy has been in a critical period of transforming and upgrading, and there is the new missions and new requirements for natural resources security. The newly established Ministry of Natural Resources brings new opportunities for the comprehensive management of natural resources in the new era. The time scale of the new era is over 30 years, and the medium-to-long-term strategy should be made based on a systemic summary of the change of natural resources in the past few decades and a strategic estimation of resources supply and demand in the future. To sum up, the following conclusions can be made： 1） It could be sure that the demand for water resources in China will continue rising and the pressure on the grain supply of arable land will be increasing, which will directly affect the well-being of the people＇s livelihood. 2） The growing demands for all types of minerals have changed to differentiated demands for different types of minerals, and the overall demand for mineral resources will remain high. 3） The pressure on the wood supply of forest resources, which affects the construction of the modern economic system, will be aggravated. It is critical to resources security of China that we believe＂Green waters and clear mountains are invaluable assets＂and persist in saving resources and protecting the environment under the guideline of＂ecological civilization strategy＂. To enhance the comprehensive security and sustainable development capacity of China＇s resources for the two centenary goals, we put forward the following suggestions： 1） paying close attention to the research on resources strategy and the top level planning in the new era, 2） implementing the stringent regulations of resources management and environment protection, 3） optimizing the structure of resources supply to serve the modernization and the needs of the people＇s livelihood and accelerating technological innovation to expand the transforming value of the resource industry chain, 4） improving the efficiency of resource utilizing and promoting circular utilization of resources based on domestic efforts, and at the same time strengthening the international cooperation in the field of resources.