2013—2016年烟台市市售水果重金属污染状况及暴露风险评估

Pollution status and risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in commercially available fruits in Yantai City from 2013-2016

目的了解烟台市售水果中重金属污染物含量分布特征,评价重金属污染状况及程度。方法 2013—2016年对烟台市售水果中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、总汞(Hg)及类金属元素砷(As)含量进行测定,采用目标危害系数法(THQ)对其污染程度进行分析评价。结果采集的159份水果样本中,Pb、Cd、Hg和As的检出率分别为27.04%(43份)、11.32%(18份)、5.03%(8份)和5.66%(9份),重金属的均值由大到小依次为Pb>总As>总Hg>Cd。其中核果类和仁果类Pb的含量最高,浆果和其他小粒水果以及其他类水果总As的含量最高。各类水果中重金属总量,仁果类>核果类>浆果和其他小粒水果>其他类。儿童、青少年的膳食暴露风险高于成年人和老年人,同年龄段女性的膳食暴露风险略高于男性。同一年龄相同性别的人,THQ值由大到小依次为THQAs>THQPb>THQHg>THQCd。结论水果重金属的人群膳食暴露水平均处在安全状态。总As和Pb是重金属人群膳食暴露的主要污染物。

[Objective] To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in commercially available fruits in Yantai City,evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.[Methods] The content of lead（Pb）,cadmium（Cd）,total mercury（Hg） and metalloid element arsenic（As） in commercially available fruits in Yantai Cityfrom 2013-2016 were detected. Method of target hazard quotient was used to evaluate the contamination level.[Results]The detection rate of Pb,Cd,Hg and As was respectively 27.04%（43/159）,11.32%（18/159）,5.03%（8/159） and 5.66%（9/159）,and the mean value of heavy metal in fruits could be lined in a decreasing order of Pb As Hg Cd. Concentration of Pb was the highest in stone fruits and kernel fruits,while concentration of As was the highest in berries and other small fruits and others fruits. The heavy metal contamination could be lined in a decreasing order of kernel fruits stone fruitsberries and other small fruitsothers fruits for gross of heavy metal contamination. Dietary exposure risk of children and adolescents was higher than adults and the elderly,while dietary exposure risk of female was higher than male at the same age. THQ value could be lined in a decreasing order of THQAs〉THQPb〉THQHg〉THQCd for same age and same gender people.[Conclusion]Dietary exposure of heavy metal in fruits is in a safety level.As and Pb are the dominant contamination in dietary exposure of heavy metal.