新疆喀什地区维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者膳食营养

Dietary nutrition among Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes in Kashi Region of Xinjiang

目的应用中国膳食平衡指数法(DBI)结合与糖尿病相关营养素摄入情况,评价喀什地区维吾尔族居民2型糖尿病患者的膳食质量,为维吾尔族糖尿病的营养治疗提供新的理论依据。方法抽取喀什地区134名维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者进行调查,运用连续3天24 h膳食回顾法收集个人以及家庭的膳食摄入情况,应用DBI结合营养素摄入情况评价糖尿病人群的膳食,提出糖尿病膳食指导建议。结果由DBI得出,所有患者均存在低度到中度的膳食不平衡[DBI-DQD=(31.92±5.09)],摄入不足是主要问题[DBI-LBS=(-25.75±3.63)],其中38.3%的人水果摄入未达到推荐量,91%的患者豆类摄入不足,65.7%的患者奶类摄入不足,食物种类的摄入也不全面,77.6%的患者平均每天摄入的食物种类少于6种,同时也存在摄入过量问题[DBI-HBS=(6.16±3.67)],23.9%的患者谷类食物的摄入超过推荐量,9.7%的患者肉类和盐摄入过量,134名糖尿病人群膳食可归为A(10.2%)、B(77.4%)和E(10.2%)3种DBI膳食模式。在营养素摄入水平方面,糖尿病患者的营养素摄入普遍存在摄入不足情况,相对于每日推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜摄入量(AI),男女蛋白质的摄入分别为86%与73%,脂肪的摄入量接近适宜范围,部分患者碳水化合物的摄入超过了推荐量,维生素B2、维生素C和维生素D的摄入量不足推荐量的50%。结论喀什地区维吾尔族糖尿病患者存在较为明显的膳食不平衡问题,与糖尿病相关的主要营养素摄入不足,应加大对患者的健康教育力度,提倡科学饮食,根据疾病实际情况合理指导膳食,通过营养治疗,促进病情的恢复。

[Objective]To evaluate the dietary quality of type 2 diabetic populations among Uyghur residents in Kashi Regionby using Chinese diet balance index（DBI）combined with diabetes-related nutrient intake,provide a new nutritional therapy basis for the prevention of diabetes in Uygur.[Methods]134 Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes in Kashi Region were investigated. The individual and family dietary intake were collected with 24-hour dietary recall for 3 consecutive days. The diet of diabetic people was evaluated by DBI combined with nutrient intake,to put forward the dietary guidelines for diabetes.[Results]The results of DBI method showed that there was low to moderate dietary disequilibrium in all patients [DBI-DQD=（31.92±5.09）].The insufficient intake was the main problem [DBI-LBS=（-25.75±3.63）],38.3% of patients did not get the recommended amount of fruit,91% were deficient in legumes,65.7% were inadequate for milk,while the types of food intake are not comprehensive,and 77.6% of the patients took less than 6 kinds of food daily. There was also an problem of excessive intake [DBI-HBS=（6.16±3.67）],23.9% of the patient＇s cereal intake exceeded the recommended amount,and 9.7% of the patients overdose the meat and salt. According to DBI,134 diabetic people could be classified into three dietary patterns： A（10.2%）,B（77.4%） and E（10.2%）. In the level of nutrient intake,the diabetic patients were generally deficient in nutrient intake. Compared to RNI or AI,the intake of protein in men and women was 86% and 73% respectively,the fat intake was close to the appropriate range,the intake of carbohydrates in some patients exceeded the recommended amount,and the intakes of vitamin B2,vitamin C and vitamin D were less than 50% of the recommended amount.[Conclusion]There is obvious dietary imbalance among Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes in Kashi Region of Xinjiang,and intake of main nutrients associated with diabetes is insufficient. It is necessary to strengthen the health education for patients,advocate scientific diet,guide the diet according to the actual situation of the disease,and promote the recovery of the disease through nutritional treatment.