2016年上海市浦东新区中小学校直饮水卫生现况

Hygiene status of direct drinking water in primary and middle schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2016

目的了解2016年上海市浦东新区中小学直饮水设备和直饮水水质卫生状况,为学校直饮水的科学管理和保障学生安全用水提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的浦东新区中小学校学生饮用直饮水卫生状况调查表和浦东新区学生饮用直饮水设备情况调查表,对直饮水设备环境卫生、设备情况、管理制度、水质检测、维护记录、档案管理和应急管理等情况进行调查。结果总氯量≥0.05,菌落总数均不超标;总氯量<0.05,97.67%菌落总数超标;饮水机设备供货商水质菌落总数检测与上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心检测结果一致性较差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同净水工艺的菌落总数指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论饮水中维持一定浓度的总氯能抑制水中细菌繁殖,有利于控制菌落总数超标;中小学校在水质检测要把菌落总数超标作为重点;对于净水过程中存在2次污染和菌落总数超标风险的设备应予以改进。

[Objective] To learn about the health status of direct drinking water equipment and water quality in primary and secondary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2016,provide a reference for the scientific management of school direct drinking water and the safe water supply for students.[Methods] The self-designed Health Status Survey Questionnaire of Drinking Water in Primary and Secondary Schools and Pudong New Area Students Direct Drinking Water Equipment Survey Questionnaire were used to investigate the environmental health of the direct drinking water equipment,equipment status,management system,water quality testing,maintenance records,management records and emergency management.[Results]The total number of colonies did not exceed the standard when total chlorine ≥0.05,while there was 97.67% of total number of colonies exceeded the standard when total chlorine 〈0.05.The consistency of total number of colonies between the testing results from the drinking water equipment suppliers and the investigation results from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Pudong New District was poor,and the difference was statistically significant（P 〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in total number of colonies among different water purification processes（P〉0.05）.[Conclusion]Maintaining a certain concentration of total chlorine in drinking water can inhibit bacterial growth and control the total number of colonies. The water quality testing in primary and secondary schools should focus on the total number of colonies. It is necessary to improve the equipment with the presence of secondary pollution and excessive risk of colonies in the process of water purification.