天津市农村3所幼儿园龋齿情况调查及防治对策

Investigation and countermeasures of dental caries in three rural kindergartens in Tianjin

目的了解天津市农村学龄前幼儿及困难家庭幼儿龋齿的发病情况,为进一步预防与控制农村幼儿龋齿提供防治对策。方法对2012—2017年天津市3所农村幼儿园进行筛查,由口腔专业医师按照世界卫生组织的诊断标准及方法进行口腔检查,对结果进行趋势性检验和患龋率的χ~2检验。结果天津市3所农村幼儿园乳牙龋患病率2012年最低,为60.33%,2016年最高,为79.46%,平均患龋率为69.01%,2012—2017年幼儿乳牙患龋率有明显升高趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=12.89,P<0.01);男生和女生的患龋率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.46,P>0.05);随着年龄的增加,幼儿的患龋率上升,6岁及以上年龄组患龋率最高为72.89%(χ_(趋势)~2=7.27,P<0.01)。困难家庭的幼儿患龋率为59.23%,低于非困难家庭(77.46%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.13,P<0.05)。结论农村幼儿患龋率高,需要采取综合措施降低龋齿发病率。

[Objective]To investigate the incidence of dental caries among preschool children in rural areas and poor families in Tianjin,provide preventive measures for further preventing and controlling dental caries in rural children.[Methods] The screening was conducted among three rural kindergartens in Tianjin from 2012-2017. Oral examination was performed by dental professionals according to the diagnostic criteria and methods of WHO. The trend test and 2 test were used to analyze the results and caries rate respectively.[Results]The prevalence of deciduous dental caries in three rural kindergartens in 2012 was the lowest（60.33%） while that in 2016 was the highest（79.46%）,with the average prevalence of dental caries of 69.01%. The prevalence of deciduous dental caries increased from 2012 to 2017（χ_（trend）2=12.89,P 0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries between boys and girls（χ2=2.46,P〈0.05）. Children＇s caries rate increased with age,and the prevalence of dental caries in over 6 year-old age group was the highest（χ（trend）2=7.27,P〈0.01）. The prevalence of dental caries in children from poor families was 59.23%,which was lower than that in children from ordinary families（77.46%）,and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=4.13,P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The prevalence of dental caries in rural children is high.Comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of dental caries.