建立全球领先的科学技术创新体系——美国成为世界科技强国之路

Construct World Leading S&T Innovation System——U.S. Road to World's Scientific and Technological Power

文章从国家创新体系起源和发展的角度,探讨美国成为世界科技强国的发展道路和关键点,并指出美国在成为世界科技强国的发展过程中,经过二战形成了一个以政府、大学、企业三者伙伴关系为特点的创新体系,从而促进了美国科学技术的飞速发展。同时,美国科学技术也是在应对外部挑战而寻求变革中得到发展的。文章认为科学的自由和自主精神、基础研究与应用的结合、多元化的投入体系以及创新文化环境是美国成为世界科技强国的重要因素。

From the perspective of the origin and development of national innovation system, this study explores the development road and the key features of the United States as the world science and technology power. It is pointed out that the United States became a world power after a long historical process, and it formed a innovation system characterized by a partnership of government, university, and enterprise after the World War II, which has promoted great development of science and technology. At the same time, American science and technology are developing in response to external challenges. This paper holds that the scientific freedom and autonomy, the interaction between basic research and application, and pluralism investment system are the foundation for the United States as the world＇s scientific and technological power.