从裁决不一致性论国际投资仲裁上诉机制

On the Construction of the Appeal Mechanism of International Investment Arbitration from the Crisis of Inconsistent Adjudication

进入21世纪以来,国际投资仲裁领域内出现了裁决不一致性危机,引发了公众对国际投资仲裁合法性的质疑。裁决不一致性危机的产生既与缺乏统一的国际投资立法和投资争议解决机构密切相关,也是现行国际投资仲裁机制的缺陷造成的。由于国际投资仲裁上诉机制可以通过制衡仲裁庭造法活动以及进一步硬化软先例来促进投资仲裁裁决的一致性,因此成为解决裁决不一致性危机的重要手段。美国和ICSID等对上诉机制的建立提出了一些构想但未能得到实施,欧盟却通过与加拿大、越南缔结贸易投资协定的方式,在制度层面上建立起了国际投资仲裁上诉机制。但是欧盟这一多重并行的上诉模式又可能在上诉层面上带来了新的裁决不一致问题,因此理想的途径是建立独立的国际投资仲裁上诉机制或者国际投资法院,这将彻底解决投资裁决的不一致性危机。

Since 21 st century,there has been a crisis of inconsistency in the field of international investment arbitration,which has caused the public to question the legality of international investment arbitration. The inconsistency crisis of adjudication is not only closely related to the lack of unified international investment legislation and investment dispute settlement agency,but also caused by the defects of the current international investment arbitration mechanism. Because the appeal mechanism has the potential to limit the arbitration tribunal＇s broad interpretation of applicable law and to harden the so called soft-precedent,it is expected to be introduced into the field of international investment arbitration to help to tackle the inconsistency crisis. International society,including the U. S. and ICSID,has come up with plans to establish the appeal mechanism,but failed to do it,While EU made concrete moves through the treaties assigned with Canada and Vietnam. However,EU＇s model of multiple appeal mechanism would cause new inconsistency crisis,thus the theoretically ideal model should be an appeal mechanism being established in the framework of multilateral investment convention and unified investor-state dispute settlement body.