关爱式健康教育联合渐进性肌肉放松训练对HIV阳性孕妇的应用效果观察

Effect of health education with caring and muscle relaxation training among HIV pregnant women

目的评价关爱式健康教育联合渐进性肌肉放松训练,用于艾滋病病毒（HIV）阳性孕妇的效果。方法选取HIV阳性孕妇70例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各35例,对照组采用关爱式健康教育,观察组采用关爱式健康教育联合渐进性肌肉放松训练。采用t检验或χ2检验比较两组孕妇的焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分,HIV相关知识认知、孕期服药依从性良好率、护理质量满意率、新生儿HIV抗体阳性率方面的差异。结果两组孕妇在干预实施前SAS、SDS评分均较高,且差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。随着干预的实施,两组SAS评分、SDS评分均较前明显下降,且研究组下降更加明显[（35.31±3.72）vs.（41.31±4.23）;（36.12±5.23）vs.（42.63±4.12）,t=10.82、11.24,P值均〈0.05];研究组和对照组孕妇对HIV五项相关知识的知晓率分别为（94.29%vs.77.14%;91.43%vs.71.43%;91.43%vs.65.71%;88.57%vs.62.86%;94.29%vs.71.43%）,研究组均高于对照组（χ2=4.200、4.629、6.873、6.293、6.437,P值均〈0.05）;服药依从良好率（88.57%vs.62.86%）、护理质量满意率（94.29%vs.74.28%）研究组高于对照组（χ2=7.479、5.285,P值均〈0.05）;但新生儿HIV抗体阳性率（2.86%vs.5.71%）比较,两组间的差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.348,P〉0.05）。结论关爱式健康教育联合渐进性肌肉放松训练能有效改善HIV阳性孕妇抑郁与焦虑的心理状态,减少心理应激,提高HIV相关知识知晓率、增加抗病毒治疗服药依从性良好率,提高患者对护理质量的满意度。

Objective To investigate the effect of health education with caring and muscle relaxation training among HIV pregnant women.Methods 70 HIV pregnant women were divided into a study group and control group with 35 cases each according to the method of random number table.Patients in the control group received health education with caring,and those in the study group received health education with caring and muscle relaxation training.The effect was evaluated by comparison of the scores of self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）and self-rating depression scale（SDS）,awareness of HIV related knowledge,good compliance rate,nursing quality satisfaction rate and neonatal HIV antibody positive rate.Results There was no significant difference in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups before the intervention.The scores decreased with the implementation of intervention measures,with the two indexes in the study group greater than that in the control group（35.31±3.72 vs.41.31±4.23;36.12±5.23 vs.42.63±4.12,t=10.82,11.24,all P〈0.05）.The pass rate of HIV related knowledge awareness in the study group was higher than that in the control group（94.29% vs.77.14%;91.43% vs.71.43%;91.43%vs.65.71%;88.57%vs.62.86%;94.29% vs.71.43%,χ2=4.200,4.629,6.873,6.293,6.437,all P〈0.05）.The rate of good compliance（88.57%vs.62.86%）and the satisfaction rate of nursing quality（94.29%vs.74.28%）were higher than those in the control group（χ2=7.479,5.285,all P 〈0.05）.There was no significant difference between the two groups in the positive rate of neonatal HIV antibody（2.86% vs.5.71%,χ2=0.348,P〉0.05）.Conclusion Health education with caring and muscle relaxation training can effectively improve the depression and anxiety of HIV pregnant women,reduce the psychological stress,raise the awareness rate of HIV related knowledge,increase the compliance rate of antiviral treatment,and improve the satisfaction of patients with nursing quality.