高校实验室压力气瓶风险评估体系探究

Research on Risk Assessment System of Gas Cylinder in University Laboratories

压力气瓶是高校实验室常用的储气设备,由于其带有危险性因而也是实验室应严加管控的危险源。分析了实验室气瓶发生倾倒、泄漏和爆炸3类事故的致灾因子,并综合考虑事故的可能性以及后果的严重程度,用风险矩阵法建立了高校实验室压力气瓶风险评估体系。其中,事故概率由以往高校实验室发生3类气瓶事故的统计数据得出,事故严重程度通过对实验室具体情形的判定得出。二者均划分为5个等级,结合起来建立风险矩阵,并由此得出气瓶的风险等级。然后结合北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院某实验室的实际情况,利用这一体系对实验室中的气瓶进行了风险评估,得出该实验室气瓶发生3种事故的风险等级,并针对评价结果依据致灾因子提出了相应的改进措施。

Gas cylinders are commonly used as gas storage equipment in the laboratory,whereas they are risk source that should be strictly controlled for their dangerousness. The risk factors of gas cylinders resulting in dumping,leakage and explosion accidents in laboratory were analyzed. The risk matrix method was used to establish the risk assessment system of gas cylinders in laboratory. Furthermore,the probability of accidents was obtained from the statistics of the three types of gas cylinders accidents in previous college laboratory. And the severity of accidents was determined by the specific circumstances of the laboratory. The two factors were divided into five levels,which were combined to establish the risk matrix. From the matrix,the risk level of cylinders was derived. Then combined with the actual situation of a certain laboratory of the School of Civil and Resources Engineering at Beijing University of Science and Technology,the risk assessment of the laboratory was carried out,and the risk level of the gas cylinders was obtained. At the end,improvement measures were put forward according to risk factors.