上海市某陶瓷有限公司职业病危害现状评价

Evaluation of occupational hazards in a ceramic limited company of Shanghai

目的识别某陶瓷有限公司的主要职业病危害因素及危害程度,分析其对劳动者健康的影响,对职业病防护设施进行分析与评价。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、检测、职业健康监护等方法,对该陶瓷有限公司的职业病危害进行现状评价。结果现场调查显示,铲车驾驶室、泥浆池、大型压机成型、球磨机投料和控制室岗位噪声8 h等效声级分别为86.0、88.8、88.8、91.4、79.2 dB(A),超过国家相关标准;调制科一层振动筛、除尘器清理、制砖一科成型、大型压机成型、烘干机、制砖二科成型及辅助单元场地清洁岗位矽尘短时间接触浓度(C_(STEL))3天测量最大值为6.57、4.93、4.43、6.20、7.60、4.03和4.93mg/m^3,超过国家标准。结论该陶瓷企业主要职业病危害因素是矽尘、噪声、高温,其浓(强)度部分岗位超过国家职业卫生标准。通过改革生产工艺、设备,设置职业病危害防护措施,加强职业卫生管理,职业病危害因素才能得到有效控制。

[Objective] To identify the main occupational hazards and their degree a ceramic limited company, analyze the impact on the health of workers, and evaluate the occupational disease prevention facilities. [Methods] The methods of occupational health field investigation, testing and occupational health monitoring were used to evaluate occupational hazards in the ceramic limited company. [Results] The field investigation indicated that the equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours of posts for forklift cab, mud tank, large press molding machine, ball mill feeding and control room was respectively 86.0, 88.8, 88.8, 91.4 and 79.2 dB（A）, which exceeded the relevant national standards. The 3-day maximum of short time exposure limit concentration（CSTEL） of posts for modulation section vibrating screen, cleaning of dust collector, molding of brick making first division, large press molding machine, dryer, molding of brick making second division and cleaning of auxiliary unit site was respectively 6.57, 4.93, 4.43, 6.20, 7.60, 4.03 and 4.93 mg/m^3, which exceeded the relevant national standards. [Conclusion] The main occupational hazards of this ceramic enterprise are silica dust, noise and high temperature,and the concentrations（strengths） of some posts exceed national occupational health standards. The occupational hazards can be effectively controlled by improving or updating the production process and equipment, setting up occupational hazards prevention measures and strengthening occupational health management.