2007-2016年内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

Epidemiology and etiology of hand,foot and mouth disease in Ordos,Inner Mongolia,2007-2016

目的分析2007-2016年鄂尔多斯市手足口病流行病学特征,为制定防控策略和措施提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对2007-2016年鄂尔多斯市手足口病发病资料和病原学检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2007-2016年鄂尔多斯市共报告手足口病18 436例。年均发病率为10.30/10万,年发病率总体呈上升趋势。每年的5-7月为发病的第1个高峰,9-11月为第2个高峰;发病人群以1~3岁儿童为主,男女性别比为1.42∶1,职业以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主。全市9个旗(区)均有病例报告,其中准格尔旗、东胜区、达拉特旗及伊金霍洛旗发病率较高。引起手足口病流行的病原为肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)以及其他肠道病毒(EV)。2012年及2016年以Cox A16感染为主,2010年Cox A16和其他EV感染比例相近,2011年EV71和其他EV感染比例相近;2015年以其他EV感染为主,其余年份均以EV71感染为主。结论鄂尔多斯市近10年手足口病发病率有逐年增长趋势,病原学特征复杂多变,应加强疫情和病原学监测、强化传染源管理、健康教育以及重点人群的综合防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD） in Ordos from 2007 to 2016 and provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control.Methods Descriptiveepidemiological analysis was conducted by using the incidence data and etiological detection data of HFMD in Ordos from 2007 to 2016.ResultsA total of 18 436 HFMD cases were reported in Ordos during this period. The average annual incidence was10.30/100 000,and the annual incidence showed an increase trend. The annual incidence peaks were during May-July andduring September-November. The cases were mainly children aged 1-3 years and the incidence in boys was higher than that ingirls（1.42∶1）. HFMD cases were reported in all 9 banners（district）of Ordos,and the incidences in Jungar banner,Dongshengdistrict,Dalad banner and Ejinhoro banner were high. The major pathogens included Enteroviruses 71（EV71）,CoxsackievirusA16（Cox A16）and other enteroviruses. In 2012 and 2016,Cox A16 was predominant. In 2010,the infection rate of Cox A16 was similar to that of other enteroviruses. In 2011,the infection rate of EV71 was similar to that of other enteroviruses. In 2015,other enteroviruses were predominant. EV71 was predominant in the remaining years.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD showed an increase trend in Ordos in recent 10 years,and the disease′s etiological characteristics was complex. It is suggestedthat programs,such as surveillance,case management,health education and comprehensive HFMD prevention and controltargeting key population,should be strengthened to reduce the mortality of the disease.