高职护生跨文化护理自我效能的现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of the transcultural self-efficacy and its influencing factors in higher vocational nursing students

目的 调查高职护生跨文化护理自我效能的现状及影响因素,为高职护生提高跨文化护理自我效能水平提供借鉴和帮助,为护理院校进行教学改革提供科学依据.方法 2017年4—5月以方便抽样的方法抽取上海市某高职护理院校732名护生为研究对象,采用《跨文化护理自我效能量表中文版》（CV-TSET）对其进行跨文化护理自我效能现状调查.采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行分析.高职护生跨文化护理自我效能影响因素分析采用t检验、单因素方差分析、多元逐步回归分析.结果 高职护生跨文化护理自我效能总体均分为（7.16±1.20）分,3个维度得分从高到低依次为认知（7.42±1.66）分,情感（7.10±1.39）分,实践（7.00±1.31）分.732名高职护生总体的效能级别为：94.94%的高职护生为中效能、4.92%的高职护生为高效能,0.14%的高职护生为低效能.高职护生跨文化护理自我效能总分及3个维度得分在性别、年龄、专业、是否学生干部、参加社团活动频率方面得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.多元逐步回归结果显示,专业是影响高职护生跨文化护理自我效能的主要因素.结论 高职护生跨文化护理自我效能总体得分较好,护理院校应采取科学地设置课程体系,进行教学方法改革,开展丰富多彩的社团活动等方法不断提高高职护生的跨文化护理自我效能水平.

Objective To investigate the status quo of transcultural self-efficacy for nursing students in higher vocational colleges and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference and help for higher vocational nursing students to improve their transcultural self-efficacy level, and to provide scientific basis for teaching reform. Methods From April to May 2017, a total of 732 nursing students from a higher vocational nursing college were recruited in the research by convenience sampling method, and investigated with the Chinese Version of Transcultural Self-efficacy Tool （CV-TSET）. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. The influencing factors of cross-cultural nursing self-efficacy among vocational nursing students were analyzed by t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The total score of transcultural self-efficacy of the higher vocational college nursing students was （7.16±1.20）, with the scores of three dimensions from high to low in the order of recognition （7.42±1.66）, emotional （7.10±1.39）, and practice （7.00±1.31）. The overall efficiency level of 732 nursing students in higher vocational colleges was as follow： 94.94% of middle efficiency, 4.92% of efficient and 0.14% of low efficiency. The differences of total and 3 dimensions scores of transcultural self-efficacy in higher vocational nursing students were statistically significant in gender, age, major, student cadres and frequency of participation in community activities （P〈0.05）. The results of multivariate regression showed that the major was the main factor influencing the transcultural nursing self-efficacy of higher vocational college nursing students. Conclusions The overall score of transcultural self-efficacy of nursing students in higher vocational colleges is good. Nursing colleges should set up curriculum system scientifically, carry out the teaching method reform and colorful community activities, continuously improve the level of transcultural nursing self-efficacy of higher vocational college nursing students.